Çetkin Murat, Bahşi İlhan, Orhan Mustafa
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Dumlupınar street, D100 No:98, 34000, Kadıkoy/ Istanbul/Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey. E-mail:
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
Acta Med Hist Adriat. 2019 Jul 1;17(1):103-114. doi: 10.31952/amha.17.1.6.
Massage is the manipulation of the body tissues by using techniques, such as rubbing, kneading, pressing, and rolling to sustain a state of health and wellness. Massage is one of the oldest and most natural healing applications in human history. Avicenna (980 - 1037) gained a very important position in the medical world with his most important work, the Canon of Medicine, known as the holy book of medicine in the Western world. Different types of massage were defined in the book. These were hard friction that braces the body, soft friction that relaxes the body, repeated friction that reduces the amount of fat in the body, moderately hard friction that improves the body, rough friction that leads the blood to the surface rapidly, gentle friction that increases blood flow in the application area, preparatory friction that prepares the body before exercise, and restorative friction that is applied after exercise which alleviates exhaustion. It may be seen that Avicenna, whose work shows influnce of Greek and Roman physicians, was heavily influenced by Hippocrates and Galen. It is seen that the massage techniques and effect mechanisms defined by Avicenna about a thousand years ago have contributed a lot to the developments in massage through the historical process.
按摩是通过运用诸如摩擦、揉捏、按压和滚动等技术来操作人体组织，以维持健康状态。按摩是人类历史上最古老、最自然的治疗方法之一。阿维森纳（980 - 1037）凭借其最重要的著作《医典》在医学领域获得了非常重要的地位，该书在西方世界被称为医学圣典。书中定义了不同类型的按摩。这些包括支撑身体的硬摩擦、放松身体的软摩擦、减少体内脂肪量的反复摩擦、改善身体的适度硬摩擦、使血液迅速流向体表的粗糙摩擦、增加施术部位血液流动的轻柔摩擦、运动前准备身体的预备摩擦以及运动后减轻疲劳的恢复性摩擦。可以看出，阿维森纳的著作受希腊和罗马医生的影响，他深受希波克拉底和盖伦的影响。可以看出，大约一千年前阿维森纳所定义的按摩技术和作用机制在历史进程中对按摩的发展贡献巨大。
