May Symone, Murray Ashley, Sutton Madeline Y
Public Health Summer Intern Program, Leidos Inc, Atlanta, Georgia.
Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia.
AIDS Care. 2020 Apr;32(4):522-529. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1640844. Epub 2019 Jul 17.
Although HIV diagnoses among women have declined in recent years in the United States (U.S.), women accounted for 19% of new HIV diagnoses in 2016. In addition, women comprise 24% of the 973,846 persons living with HIV infection in the U.S. However, HIV prevention interventions targeting women are limited. We performed a review on HIV infection in women to increase awareness, improve overall care, and inform intervention development. A systematic literature review was conducted using literature published in PubMed, PsychINFO (EBSCO), and Scopus from July 2000 and June 2017. We included studies that: (1) were conducted in the U.S., (2) enrolled at least 50 HIV-positive women, and (3) utilized a case-control, cohort, or surveillance study design. Of 7497 articles, 48 articles met inclusion criteria. HIV diagnoses among women declined 32% between 2001 and 2016. In 2016, 61% of diagnoses in women were among African American women, and 56% were in the South. Women reported barriers to HIV care largely due to psychosocial challenges and social/structural determinants of health (SDH) barriers. Though new diagnoses among women have declined, racial and regional disparities remain. HIV prevention and research efforts with women are vital to inform interventions and reduce disparities.
尽管近年来美国女性中的艾滋病毒诊断病例有所下降，但在2016年，女性仍占新增艾滋病毒诊断病例的19%。此外，在美国973,846名艾滋病毒感染者中，女性占24%。然而，针对女性的艾滋病毒预防干预措施有限。我们对女性艾滋病毒感染情况进行了综述，以提高认识、改善整体护理并为干预措施的制定提供信息。我们使用2000年7月至2017年6月期间在PubMed、PsychINFO（EBSCO）和Scopus上发表的文献进行了系统的文献综述。我们纳入的研究需满足以下条件：（1）在美国进行；（2）至少招募50名艾滋病毒阳性女性；（3）采用病例对照、队列或监测研究设计。在7497篇文章中，有48篇符合纳入标准。2001年至2016年期间，女性中的艾滋病毒诊断病例下降了32%。2016年，女性诊断病例中有61%为非裔美国女性，56%在南部地区。女性报告称，艾滋病毒护理存在障碍，主要是由于心理社会挑战以及健康的社会/结构决定因素（SDH）障碍。尽管女性中的新诊断病例有所下降，但种族和地区差异仍然存在。针对女性的艾滋病毒预防和研究工作对于为干预措施提供信息并减少差异至关重要。
