中国湖南省 5 岁以下儿童致命溺水的流行病学特征及影响因素：病例对照研究。
Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of fatal drowning in children under 5 years old in Hunan Province, China: case-control study.
机构信息
Information Management Division, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2019 Jul 17;19(1):955. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7241-z.
BACKGROUND
Drowning is still the primary cause of death in children under 5 years old, however, little is known about the drowning of Hunan province children. This study identifies the previously unpublished incidence and characteristics of fatal drowning in children of Hunan Province, and provide a basis for formulating strategies for children's survival, development and protection.
METHODS
Data were collected through sampling with the multistage stratified cluster. The case group included all fatal frowning children under 5 years old in 13 districts between October 2015 and September 2016. The control group was matched 1:1.The epidemic features and influencing factors of fatal drowning were analyzed retrospectively according to descriptive analysis, conditional univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
For children aged 0-4 years, the fatal drowning was 16.1/100000 in Hunan Province. Drowning rates were higher for boys than girls. The proportion of rural areas is much higher than that of urban areas. The 1-2 years age-group was the highest of all age groups. Fatal drowning mainly occurred in summer. The three leading drowning locations were pond, ditch and well. Playing close to the water were the leading activities that preceded fatal drowning. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that: children with primary caregiver education in high school and above (OR = 0.05) have a lower risk of fatal drowning; children with full-time care (OR = 0.17) have a lower risk; children who received unintentional drowning safety education (OR = 0.23) have a lower risk of fatal drowning. Children who were always swimming or playing near the water in the past 6 months (OR = 3.13) have a higher risk of fatal drowning.
CONCLUSION
The fatal drowning among children under 5 years is the result of the interaction of multiple factors. A significant number of child deaths could have been prevented if parents and other close relatives had been more concerned about the safety of their children. We should develop health education plans for villagers to warn them of the dangers of drowning and preventive measures.
背景
溺水仍然是 5 岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因，但对于湖南省儿童溺水的情况知之甚少。本研究旨在确定湖南省儿童溺水的未发表发生率和特征，并为制定儿童生存、发展和保护策略提供依据。
方法
采用多阶段分层聚类抽样方法收集数据。病例组为 2015 年 10 月至 2016 年 9 月期间 13 个区所有 5 岁以下溺水死亡儿童；对照组按 1:1 匹配。采用描述性分析、条件单因素和多因素 logistic 回归分析方法，回顾性分析溺水死亡的流行特征及影响因素。
结果
湖南省 0-4 岁儿童溺水死亡率为 16.1/100000，男孩溺水死亡率高于女孩；农村地区比例明显高于城市地区；1-2 岁年龄组为各年龄组中最高；溺水死亡主要发生在夏季；池塘、沟渠和水井是溺水的主要发生地点；溺水前主要活动为水边玩耍。多因素 logistic 回归分析显示，初中及以上文化程度的主要照顾者（OR=0.05）、全职照顾者（OR=0.17）的儿童溺水死亡风险较低；接受过意外伤害溺水安全教育（OR=0.23）的儿童溺水死亡风险较低；过去 6 个月经常在水边游泳或玩耍（OR=3.13）的儿童溺水死亡风险较高。
结论
5 岁以下儿童溺水死亡是多种因素相互作用的结果。如果父母和其他近亲更加关注儿童的安全，很多儿童死亡本可以避免。我们应制定面向村民的健康教育计划，提醒他们溺水的危险和预防措施。
Zotero 插件