Guan Jian
Clinical Center, the National Scientific Data Sharing Platform for Population and Health.
Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
Chin Med Sci J. 2019 Jun 30;34(2):76-83. doi: 10.24920/003611.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly being applied to a wide range of fields, including medicine, and has been considered as an approach that may augment or substitute human professionals in primary healthcare. However, AI also raises several challenges and ethical concerns. In this article, the author investigates and discusses three aspects of AI in medicine and healthcare: the application and promises of AI, special ethical concerns pertaining to AI in some frontier fields, and suggestive ethical governance systems. Despite great potentials of frontier AI research and development in the field of medical care, the ethical challenges induced by its applications has put forward new requirements for governance. To ensure "trustworthy" AI applications in healthcare and medicine, the creation of an ethical global governance framework and system as well as special guidelines for frontier AI applications in medicine are suggested. The most important aspects include the roles of governments in ethical auditing and the responsibilities of stakeholders in the ethical governance system.
人工智能（AI）正在迅速应用于包括医学在内的广泛领域，并被视为一种可能在初级医疗保健中增强或替代人类专业人员的方法。然而，人工智能也带来了一些挑战和伦理问题。在本文中，作者研究并讨论了人工智能在医学和医疗保健中的三个方面：人工智能的应用与前景、一些前沿领域中与人工智能相关的特殊伦理问题，以及具有启发性的伦理治理体系。尽管前沿人工智能研发在医疗领域具有巨大潜力，但其应用引发的伦理挑战对治理提出了新要求。为确保人工智能在医疗保健和医学中的“可信”应用，建议创建一个全球伦理治理框架和体系，以及针对医学前沿人工智能应用的特殊指导方针。最重要的方面包括政府在伦理审查中的作用以及利益相关者在伦理治理体系中的责任。
