Xiang Ming-Qiang, Liao Jing-Wen, Huang Jun-Hao, Deng Hai-Lin, Wang Dan, Xu Zebo, Hu Min
Department of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sports and Health Promotion, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jun 28;10:1385. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01385. eCollection 2019.
The aim of this study was to determine whether a combined exercise and dietary intervention improved cognitive and physical self-control and whether pre-to-post interventional changes in self-control were mediated by changes in body mass index (BMI) and maximal grip strength (MGS), in a sample of obese adolescents.
Forty-four obese adolescents were randomly assigned to a combined exercise and dietary program or to a waitlist control group; the data from 36 participants ( = 18 for each group) were analyzed. The combined exercise and dietary program was performed over 6 weeks and was supervised by qualified trainers in a closed boot camp. The exercise consisted primarily of typical aerobic training, sports, outdoor training, yoga, and resistance training. Participants were placed on moderate dietary restriction according to individual target body weight (30 kcal/kg × target weight). The primary outcomes of this study were metrics based on cognitive and physical self-control, assessed by the Stroop task and a handgrip task, respectively. Secondary outcomes included BMI and MGS.
The combined exercise and dietary intervention significantly improved both cognitive and physical self-control. Similar positive effects were also found for reduced BMI and enhanced MGS. Correlation analyses showed that the reduced BMI and enhanced MGS were significantly closely associated with improved cognitive and physical self-control. The mediation analyses revealed that the pre-to-post intervention changes in BMI and MGS significantly mediated physical self-control, but did not mediate cognitive self-control.
Our combined exercise and dietary intervention is an effective approach to improve multiple aspects of self-control, reduce BMI, and strengthen MGS among obese adolescents. These findings also suggest that reduced BMI and enhanced MGS mediate specific aspects of self-control.
本研究旨在确定运动与饮食联合干预是否能改善肥胖青少年的认知和身体自我控制能力，以及自我控制能力从干预前到干预后的变化是否由体重指数（BMI）和最大握力（MGS）的变化介导。
44名肥胖青少年被随机分配到运动与饮食联合计划组或等待名单对照组；对36名参与者（每组18名）的数据进行分析。运动与饮食联合计划为期6周，在封闭的训练营中由合格的训练师监督实施。运动主要包括典型的有氧训练、体育运动、户外训练、瑜伽和阻力训练。参与者根据个人目标体重（30千卡/千克×目标体重）进行适度的饮食限制。本研究的主要结果是基于认知和身体自我控制的指标，分别通过斯特鲁普任务和握力任务进行评估。次要结果包括BMI和MGS。
运动与饮食联合干预显著改善了认知和身体自我控制能力。在降低BMI和增强MGS方面也发现了类似的积极效果。相关分析表明，BMI降低和MGS增强与认知和身体自我控制能力的改善显著密切相关。中介分析显示，干预前后BMI和MGS的变化显著介导了身体自我控制，但未介导认知自我控制。
我们的运动与饮食联合干预是一种有效方法，可改善肥胖青少年自我控制的多个方面，降低BMI，并增强MGS。这些发现还表明，BMI降低和MGS增强介导了自我控制的特定方面。
