Teques Pedro, Calmeiro Luís, Rosado António, Silva Carlos, Serpa Sidónio
Polytechnic Institute of Maia, Maia, Portugal.
CIPER, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance, Lisbon, Portugal.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jun 28;10:1495. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01495. eCollection 2019.
Drawing from the model of parental involvement in sport, the overall purpose was to examine the associations of perceptions of parenting practices (encouragement, reinforcement, instruction, and role modeling) and athletes' psychological variables (self-efficacy, social self-efficacy, self-regulation, and intrinsic motivation) of elite and sub-elite youth athletes. Participants were elite ( = 210) and sub-elite ( = 635) athletes aged between 14 and 18 years ( = 16.58, = 1.33). Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that young elite athletes' perceptions of sport-related parenting practices are associated with their psychological skills and performance level in sport. Specifically, in comparison with their sub-elite peers, perceptions of parental encouragement had a significantly different strong effect on intrinsic motivation. Moreover, perceptions of parental modeling revealed different effects on performance level, as well as on intrinsic motivation, and self-regulation. These perceptions of parenting practices may promote a positive learning environment, resulting in an increased likelihood of achieving a high level of sport performance in comparison with their sub-elite peers.
借鉴父母参与体育活动的模式，总体目的是研究精英和准精英青少年运动员对育儿方式（鼓励、强化、指导和榜样作用）的认知与运动员心理变量（自我效能感、社会自我效能感、自我调节和内在动机）之间的关联。参与者为14至18岁的精英运动员（n = 210）和准精英运动员（n = 635）（M = 16.58，SD = 1.33）。结构方程模型分析表明，年轻精英运动员对与体育相关的育儿方式的认知与他们在体育方面的心理技能和表现水平相关。具体而言，与准精英同龄人相比，父母鼓励的认知对内在动机有显著不同的强烈影响。此外，父母榜样作用的认知对表现水平以及内在动机和自我调节有不同影响。这些对育儿方式的认知可能会促进积极的学习环境，与准精英同龄人相比，从而增加达到高水平体育表现的可能性。
