Chan D K C, Dimmock J A, Donovan R J, Hardcastle S, Lentillon-Kaestner V, Hagger M S
Curtin University, Australia.
University of Western Australia, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2015 May;18(3):315-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.04.001. Epub 2014 Apr 13.
Motivation in sport has been frequently identified as a key factor of young athletes' intention of doping in sport, but there has not been any attempt in scrutinizing the motivational mechanism involved. The present study applied the trans-contextual model of motivation to explain the relationship between motivation in a sport context and motivation and the social-cognitive factors (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention) from the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in an anti-doping context.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted.
Questionnaire data was collected from 410 elite and sub-elite young athletes in Australia (Mean age [17.7±3.9 yr], 55.4% male, Years in sport [9.1±3.2]). We measured the key model variables of study in relation to sport motivation (Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire), and the motivation (adapted version of the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire) and social cognitive patterns (the theory of planned behavior questionnaire) of doping avoidance. The data was analyzed by variance-based structural equation modeling with bootstrapping of 999 replications.
The goodness-of-fit of the hypothesized model was acceptable. The bootstrapped parameter estimates revealed that autonomous motivation and amotivation in sport were positively associated with the corresponding types of motivation for the avoidance of doping. Autonomous motivation, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control in doping avoidance fully mediated the relationship between autonomous motivation in sport and intention for doping avoidance.
The findings support the tenets of the trans-contextual model, and explain how motivation in sport is related to athletes' motivation and intention with respect to anti-doping behaviors.
体育动机一直被频繁认定为年轻运动员在体育赛事中使用兴奋剂意图的关键因素，但尚未有人尝试仔细研究其中涉及的动机机制。本研究应用跨情境动机模型，在反兴奋剂背景下解释体育情境中的动机与计划行为理论（TPB）中的动机及社会认知因素（态度、主观规范、感知行为控制和意图）之间的关系。
进行了一项横断面调查。
收集了来自澳大利亚410名精英和次精英年轻运动员的问卷数据（平均年龄[17.7±3.9岁]，55.4%为男性，从事体育项目的年限[9.1±3.2年]）。我们测量了与运动动机相关的研究关键模型变量（《运动中的行为调节问卷》），以及避免使用兴奋剂的动机（《治疗自我调节问卷》改编版）和社会认知模式（计划行为理论问卷）。数据通过基于方差的结构方程模型进行分析，自抽样999次。
假设模型的拟合优度可接受。自抽样参数估计表明，体育中的自主动机和无动机与避免使用兴奋剂的相应动机类型呈正相关。避免使用兴奋剂中的自主动机、主观规范和感知行为控制完全中介了体育中的自主动机与避免使用兴奋剂意图之间的关系。
研究结果支持跨情境模型的原则，并解释了体育动机如何与运动员在反兴奋剂行为方面的动机和意图相关。
