Cho Nicholas, Shokeen Monica
Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
J Bone Oncol. 2019 Jun 27;17:100249. doi: 10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100249. eCollection 2019 Aug.
Optical imaging is an emerging strategy for and visualization of the molecular mechanisms of cancer over time. An increasing number of optical imaging contrast agents and techniques have been developed in recent years specifically for bone research and skeletal metastases. Visualizing molecular processes in relation to bone remodeling in metastasized cancers provides valuable information for understanding disease mechanisms and monitoring expression of primary molecular targets and therapeutic efficacy. This review is intended to provide an overview of tumor-specific and non-specific contrast agents in the first near-infrared window (NIR-I) window from 650 nm to 950 nm that can be used to study functional and structural aspects of skeletal remodeling of cancer in preclinical animal models. Near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging techniques, specifically NIR spectroscopy and photoacoustic imaging, and their use in skeletal metastases will also be discussed. Perspectives on the promises and challenges facing this exciting field are then given.
光学成像作为一种新兴策略，可用于随时间推移对癌症分子机制进行成像和可视化。近年来，专门针对骨研究和骨转移瘤开发了越来越多的光学成像造影剂和技术。在转移性癌症中可视化与骨重塑相关的分子过程，为理解疾病机制、监测主要分子靶点的表达及治疗效果提供了有价值的信息。本综述旨在概述650至950纳米的第一近红外窗口（NIR-I）中的肿瘤特异性和非特异性造影剂，这些造影剂可用于在临床前动物模型中研究癌症骨重塑的功能和结构方面。还将讨论近红外（NIR）光学成像技术，特别是近红外光谱和光声成像及其在骨转移瘤中的应用。随后给出了对这一令人兴奋的领域所面临的前景和挑战的看法。
