12 岁巴勒斯坦难民学生的口腔健康状况和龋齿流行趋势：来自近东救济工程处 2011 年和 2016 年口腔健康调查的结果。
Oral health status and caries trend among 12-year old Palestine refugee students: results from the UNRWA's oral health surveys 2011 and 2016.
机构信息
COI Cooperazione Odontoiatrica Internazionale NGO, Turin, Italy.
Biostatistics and Bioinformatic Unit- Scientific Direction, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
出版信息
BMC Oral Health. 2019 Jul 18;19(1):157. doi: 10.1186/s12903-019-0844-z.
BACKGROUND
In 2016 the United Nation Relief and Work Agency for Palestine refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) commissioned a survey on oral health among 12-year-old students at UNRWA schools in five fields of operation (Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Gaza Strip and West Bank), following World Health Organization guidelines. The survey aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases among Palestine students attending UNRWA schools and how this has changed over time.
METHODS
A two-stage stratified cluster sample design was used. For each Field of operation, the sample size was calculated based on 95% confidence level, 80% power and margin of error of 4%. Clinical examination was carried out by trained Field Oral Health services Officers (FOHSOs) from the 5 fields. Teeth presence and condition, gingival bleeding and calculus and the presence of dental sealants in occlusal surfaces of permanent molars were recorded. Behavior information of students/parents were collected using a questionnaire that was self-completed by the child/parent under supervision. Results were compared with those from a previous survey carried out in 2011 with the same methodology.
RESULTS
In the two surveys the distributions of students who had caries experience in their permanent teeth were similar (73.1% in 2011 vs 72.8% in 2016, p = 0.83). In 2016 a significant increase of missing teeth (p < 0.01) and sealants (p < 0.01) was observed. Both surveys have identified behavioral determinants for dental caries, particularly dietary habits such as soft drinks consumption. Gingival health also showed statistical differences among the fields.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of caries experience was very high in all fields and, with regard to main oral health indices, no trend of improvement was observed through 2011 and 2016. Surveys' results advocates the need of a large-scale integrated preventive approach toward oral health and the emerging growth of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs), in line with the WHO recommendations.
背景
2016 年，联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处（近东救济工程处）根据世界卫生组织的指导方针，委托对近东救济工程处五个业务领域（约旦、黎巴嫩、叙利亚、加沙地带和西岸）学校的 12 岁学生进行口腔健康调查。该调查旨在确定在近东救济工程处学校就读的巴勒斯坦学生的龋齿和牙周疾病的流行率，以及随着时间的推移这种情况如何变化。
方法
采用两阶段分层聚类抽样设计。对于每个业务领域，根据 95%置信水平、80%功率和 4%的误差幅度计算样本量。由来自 5 个领域的经过培训的现场口腔健康服务官员（FOHSO）进行临床检查。记录牙齿的存在和状况、牙龈出血和牙石以及恒牙咬合面的牙釉质封闭剂的存在。使用问卷收集学生/家长的行为信息，由儿童/家长在监督下自行填写。结果与 2011 年用相同方法进行的先前调查进行了比较。
结果
在这两项调查中，患有恒牙龋齿经历的学生分布相似（2011 年为 73.1%，2016 年为 72.8%，p=0.83）。2016 年，失牙（p<0.01）和封闭剂（p<0.01）显著增加。这两项调查都确定了龋齿的行为决定因素，特别是软饮料消费等饮食习惯。牙龈健康在各个领域也存在统计学差异。
结论
所有领域的龋齿患病率都非常高，就主要口腔健康指标而言，2011 年至 2016 年期间没有观察到改善趋势。调查结果表明，需要采取大规模的综合预防措施来促进口腔健康，并根据世界卫生组织的建议应对非传染性疾病（NCDs）的新兴增长。
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