Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Biol Psychiatry. 2019 Oct 1;86(7):512-522. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.015. Epub 2019 May 28.
The human brain comprises a multiscale network with multiple levels of organization. Neurons with dendritic and axonal connections form the microscale fabric of brain circuitry, and macroscale brain regions and white matter connections form the infrastructure for system-level brain communication and information integration. In this review, we discuss the emerging trend of multiscale neuroscience, the multidisciplinary field that brings together data from these different levels of nervous system organization to form a better understanding of between-scale relationships of brain structure, function, and behavior in health and disease. We provide a broad overview of this developing field and discuss recent findings of exemplary multiscale neuroscience studies that illustrate the importance of studying cross-scale interactions among the genetic, molecular, cellular, and macroscale levels of brain circuitry and connectivity and behavior. We particularly consider a central, overarching goal of these multiscale neuroscience studies of human brain connectivity: to obtain insight into how disease-related alterations at one level of organization may underlie alterations observed at other scales of brain network organization in mental disorders. We conclude by discussing the current limitations, challenges, and future directions of the field.
人类大脑由一个多尺度网络组成，具有多个层次的组织。具有树突和轴突连接的神经元形成大脑回路的微观结构，而宏观大脑区域和白质连接则构成系统水平大脑通信和信息整合的基础。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了新兴的多尺度神经科学趋势，这一多学科领域汇集了来自这些不同神经系统组织层次的数据，以更好地理解健康和疾病中大脑结构、功能和行为之间的尺度间关系。我们提供了对这个发展中的领域的广泛概述，并讨论了最近的多尺度神经科学研究的发现，这些研究说明了研究基因、分子、细胞和宏观大脑回路和连接以及行为水平之间的跨尺度相互作用的重要性。我们特别考虑了这些人类大脑连接的多尺度神经科学研究的一个中心、总体目标：深入了解一个组织层次的与疾病相关的改变如何可能是精神障碍中其他大脑网络组织尺度上观察到的改变的基础。最后，我们讨论了该领域当前的局限性、挑战和未来方向。
