Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
Rev Neurosci. 2019 Dec 18;31(1):89-99. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0020.
Perineuronal oligodendrocytes (pn-Ols) are located in the cerebral gray matter in close proximity to neuronal perikarya and less frequently near dendrites and neurites. Although their morphology is indistinguishable from that of other oligodendrocytes, it is not known if pn-Ols have a similar or different cell signature from that of typical myelinating oligodendroglial cells. In this review, we discussed the potential roles of these cells in myelination under normal and pathophysiologic conditions as functional and nutritional supporters of neurons, as restrainers of neuronal firing, and as possible players in glutamate-glutamine homeostasis. We also highlighted the occurrences in which perineuronal oligodendroglia are altered, such as in experimental demyelination, multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, major depression, and bipolar disorder.
周围神经毡寡突胶质细胞（pn-Ols）位于大脑灰质，靠近神经元胞体，偶尔也靠近树突和轴突。虽然它们的形态与其他少突胶质细胞无法区分，但尚不清楚 pn-Ols 是否具有与典型髓鞘形成少突胶质细胞相似或不同的细胞特征。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这些细胞在正常和病理生理条件下作为神经元的功能和营养支持、神经元放电的抑制以及谷氨酸-谷氨酰胺平衡的可能参与者在髓鞘形成中的潜在作用。我们还强调了 pn-Ols 发生改变的情况，如实验性脱髓鞘、多发性硬化症、脑缺血、癫痫、阿尔茨海默病、精神分裂症、重度抑郁症和双相情感障碍。
