Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine and School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, USA.
Food Genes and Me LLC, 929 Via Doccia Court. Henderson, NV 89011, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jul 18;20(14):3516. doi: 10.3390/ijms20143516.
Dietary guidelines recommended by key health agencies are generally designed for a global population. However, ethnicity affects human disease and environment-gene interactions, including nutrient intake. Historically, isolated human populations with different genetic backgrounds have adapted to distinct environments with varying food sources. Ethnicity is relevant to the interaction of food intake with genes and disease susceptibility; yet major health agencies generally do not recommend food and nutrients codified by population genotypes and their frequencies. In this paper, we have consolidated published nutrigenetic variants and examine their frequencies in human superpopulations to prioritize these variants for future investigation of population-specific genotype-directed nutrition. The nutrients consumed by individuals interact with their genome and may alter disease risk. Herein, we searched the literature, designed a data model, and manually curated hundreds of papers. The resulting database houses 101 variants that reached significance ( < 0.05), from 35 population studies. Nutrigenetic variants associated with modified nutrient intake have the potential to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and several other diseases. Since many nutrigenetic studies have identified a major variant in some populations, we suggest that superpopulation-specific genotype-directed nutrition modifications be prioritized for future study and evaluation. Genotype-directed nutrition approaches to dietary modification have the potential to reduce disease risk in select human populations.
饮食指南通常是由主要健康机构为全球人口设计的。然而，种族会影响人类疾病和环境-基因相互作用，包括营养素的摄入。历史上，具有不同遗传背景的孤立人群已经适应了不同的环境和不同的食物来源。种族与食物摄入与基因和疾病易感性的相互作用有关；然而，主要的健康机构通常不建议根据人群基因型及其频率来制定食物和营养素。在本文中，我们整合了已发表的营养遗传学变异，并研究了它们在人类超级人群中的频率，以优先考虑这些变异，以便对特定人群的基因型指导的营养进行未来研究。个体摄入的营养素与他们的基因组相互作用，可能会改变疾病风险。在此，我们搜索了文献，设计了一个数据模型，并手动整理了数百篇论文。由此产生的数据库包含 101 个来自 35 项人群研究的具有显著意义（<0.05）的变体。与改变营养素摄入相关的营养遗传学变异有可能降低结直肠癌、肥胖、代谢综合征、2 型糖尿病和其他几种疾病的风险。由于许多营养遗传学研究已经在某些人群中确定了一个主要的变体，因此我们建议优先考虑针对特定超级人群的基因型指导的营养修改，以进行未来的研究和评估。针对基因型的营养方法对饮食的改变有可能降低某些人类群体的疾病风险。
