Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Apr 10;21(7):2633. doi: 10.3390/ijms21072633.
Nutrition is a modifiable key factor that is able to interact with both the genome and epigenome to influence human health and fertility. In particular, specific genetic variants can influence the response to dietary components and nutrient requirements, and conversely, the diet itself is able to modulate gene expression. In this context and the era of precision medicine, nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic studies offer significant opportunities to improve the prevention of metabolic disturbances, such as Type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, even with transgenerational effects. The present review takes into account the interactions between diet, genes and human health, and provides an overview of the role of nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics and epigenetics in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Moreover, we focus our attention on the mechanism of intergenerational or transgenerational transmission of the susceptibility to metabolic disturbances, and underline that the reversibility of epigenetic modifications through dietary intervention could counteract perturbations induced by lifestyle and environmental factors.
营养是一个可调节的关键因素，能够与基因组和表观基因组相互作用，影响人类健康和生育能力。特别是，特定的遗传变异可以影响对饮食成分和营养需求的反应，反之，饮食本身也能够调节基因表达。在这个背景下和精准医学时代，营养遗传学和营养基因组学研究为改善代谢紊乱的预防提供了重大机会，如 2 型糖尿病、妊娠期糖尿病、高血压和心血管疾病，甚至具有跨代效应。本综述考虑了饮食、基因和人类健康之间的相互作用，并概述了营养遗传学、营养基因组学和表观遗传学在预防非传染性疾病中的作用。此外，我们还关注代谢紊乱易感性的代际或跨代传递的机制，并强调通过饮食干预逆转表观遗传修饰可以抵消生活方式和环境因素引起的干扰。
