Epidemiology, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Inj Prev. 2020 Aug;26(4):324-329. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043275. Epub 2019 Jul 19.
To determine the effect of daily environmental conditions on skiing and snowboarding-related injury rates.
Injury information was collected from a mountainside clinic at a large Colorado ski resort for the 2012/2013 through 2016/2017 seasons. Daily environmental conditions including snowfall, snow base depth, temperature, open terrain and participant visits were obtained from historical resort records. Snowpack and visibility information were obtained for the 2013/2014 through 2014/2015 seasons and included in a subanalysis. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate injury rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs.
The overall injury rate among skiers and snowboarders was 1.37 per 1000 participant visits during 2012/2013 through 2016/2017. After adjustment for other environmental covariates, injury rates were 22% higher (IRR=1.22, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.29) on days with <2.5 compared with ≥2.5 cm of snowfall, and 14% higher on days with average temperature in the highest quartile (≥-3.1°C) compared with the lowest (<-10.6°C; IRR=1.14, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.26). Rates decreased by 8% for every 25 cm increase in snow base depth (IRR=0.92, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.95). In a subanalysis of the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons including the same covariates plus snowpack and visibility, only snowpack remained significantly associated with injury rates. Rates were 71% higher on hardpack compared with powder days (IRR=1.71, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.49) and 36% higher on packed powder compared with powder days (IRR 1.36, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.64).
Environmental conditions, particularly snowfall and snowpack, have a significant impact on injury rates. Injury prevention efforts should consider environmental factors to decrease injury rates in skiers and snowboarders.
确定每日环境条件对滑雪和单板滑雪相关损伤率的影响。
从科罗拉多州一个大型滑雪胜地山腰诊所收集了 2012/2013 至 2016/2017 赛季的损伤信息。从历史度假村记录中获取了每日环境条件（包括降雪量、积雪深度、温度、开放地形和参与者访问量）。2013/2014 至 2014/2015 赛季获得了雪况和能见度信息，并包含在子分析中。使用负二项回归估计损伤率比（IRR）和 95%CI。
2012/2013 至 2016/2017 年，滑雪者和单板滑雪者的总体损伤率为每 1000 名参与者访问 1.37 次。在调整其他环境协变量后，与降雪量≥2.5 cm 相比，降雪量<2.5 cm 时损伤率高 22%（IRR=1.22，95%CI 1.14 至 1.29），平均温度处于最高四分位数（≥-3.1°C）时损伤率高 14%与最低（<-10.6°C；IRR=1.14，95%CI 1.03 至 1.26）。积雪深度每增加 25 cm，损伤率降低 8%（IRR=0.92，95%CI 0.88 至 0.95）。在包括相同协变量以及雪况和能见度的 2013/2014 和 2014/2015 赛季的子分析中，只有雪况与损伤率显著相关。与粉雪日相比，硬雪日的损伤率高 71%（IRR=1.71，95%CI 1.18 至 2.49），压实粉雪日的损伤率高 36%与粉雪日（IRR 1.36，95%CI 1.12 至 1.64）。
环境条件，尤其是降雪量和积雪，对损伤率有重大影响。预防损伤的工作应考虑环境因素，以降低滑雪者和单板滑雪者的损伤率。
