Exposure of the Adult Pakistani Population to Second-Hand Smoke - An insight from Global Adult Tobacco Survey of Pakistan 2014.

OBJECTIVE

About one-third of the world population is exposed to second hand smoke (SHS) with estimated 600,000 annual deaths. The objective of this article is to determine the exposure of adult Pakistani population to SHS and its association with different demographic variables based on data of Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in 2014 in Pakistan.

METHODS

Secondary analysis of Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data was done which is a global standard used for systematically monitoring use of both smoked and smokeless tobacco products. GATS Pakistan was a nationally representative survey, conducted in all four provinces among adult males and females aged15 years and above. Using multistage stratified cluster sampling technique a total of 9,856 households were selected and finally 7,831 individuals were enrolled.

RESULTS

At homes around 43.3% individuals were exposed to SHS. Univariate analysis revealed that overall males (Odds Ratio, OR: 1.17 CI: 1.04-1.30, p=0.006) and less educated (OR: 1.30, CI: 1.16-1.46, p=0.000) group were at higher odds of being exposed to SHS at homes. Over all exposure to second hand smoke at home was also significantly high among urban residents (p = 0.000). Among nonsmokers age group 15 -35 years (odds ratio, 1.24 CI:1.09-1.04, P=0.01) and less educated group (OR 1.24, CI: 1.09-1.40, p=0.001) were at higher odds of being exposed to SHS at home At indoor workplaces, overall 69.1% and among non-smokers, 65.3% individuals were exposed to SHS. Univariate analysis has shown that less educated group (OR: 1.525, CI: 1.012-2.298, p=0.043) was at higher odds of being exposed to SHS at indoor workplaces. Among various public places exposure of participants to SHS was highest (86%) at restaurants, followed by public transport (74%), marriage halls (65%), universities (46%), health care facilities (35%) and least at schools (20%)..

CONCLUSIONS

Less educated males were more exposed to second-hand smoke both at work places and public places; therefore to start with interventions, work places and public places should be a priority as at home results could be confounded by self-smoking as well.