Reyes-Sosa Hiram, Egilegor Maider Larrañaga, Dos Santos Tânia, Perez-Marin Luisa, Alvarez-Montero Francisco
Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.
Integr Psychol Behav Sci. 2020 Mar;54(1):179-195. doi: 10.1007/s12124-019-09498-z.
The present paper explores the advantages of using framing theory, social representations theory and differences in ideology to analyze polarized issues in the press. Framing uncovers the structure/format of news articles and social representations explores their meanings. These two theoretical positions are connected through the concept of ideology - a set of beliefs that shape position taking regarding social issues. Using this integrated framework, we will analyze the highly polarized topic of violence and drug trafficking in two ideologically different newspapers in Sinaloa, Mexico - Noroeste (journalistic ideology) and El Debate (elite ideology) (total N = 547 articles). This will be accomplished using three steps - a descriptive analysis, application of the framing scale and submitting the articles to ALCESTE software. The results show differences in framing and social representations of violence and drug trafficking according to ideology. Each newspaper presented different news frames (journalistic - attribution of responsibility and conflict frames; elite - human-interest and morality frames). However, at the level of representations (content) there were ideological differences in the representation of violence but not of drug trafficking, suggesting a common element in these representations, beyond ideological differences. These findings contribute to (1) the clarification of the concept used and (2) towards an analytical framework of press analysis - analyzing format and content and considering differences in press ideology.
本文探讨了运用框架理论、社会表征理论以及意识形态差异来分析媒体中两极分化问题的优势。框架揭示了新闻文章的结构/形式，社会表征则探究其意义。这两种理论立场通过意识形态的概念相互联系——意识形态是一套信念，塑造了人们在社会问题上的立场。运用这一综合框架，我们将分析墨西哥锡那罗亚州两份意识形态不同的报纸——《西北报》（新闻意识形态）和《辩论报》（精英意识形态）中关于暴力和毒品贩运这一高度两极分化的话题（总共N = 547篇文章）。这将通过三个步骤来完成——描述性分析、运用框架量表以及将文章提交给ALCESTE软件。结果显示，根据意识形态，暴力和毒品贩运在框架和社会表征方面存在差异。每份报纸呈现出不同的新闻框架（新闻——责任归因和冲突框架；精英——人情味和道德框架）。然而，在表征层面（内容），暴力表征存在意识形态差异，而毒品贩运表征则不存在，这表明在这些表征中存在超越意识形态差异的共同元素。这些发现有助于（1）澄清所使用的概念，以及（2）朝着新闻分析的一个分析框架迈进——分析形式和内容，并考虑新闻意识形态的差异。
