Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2019 Nov;91(5):639-645. doi: 10.1111/cen.14065. Epub 2019 Aug 12.
Mild iodine deficiency has re-emerged among school girls in the UK. We wished to study a contemporaneous pregnant population because a relationship between maternal iodine deficiency and offspring cognitive scores has recently been reported. The WHO has set a median population urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of ≥100 and ≥150 µg/L to define adequacy outside of and during pregnancy, respectively. Iodine creatinine ratio (ICR) is also used to correct for dilution effects (sufficiency ≥150 µg/g creatinine in pregnancy).
A total of 241 women were followed across trimesters (T) into the postpartum period (PPP) along with 80 offspring with spot urine sampling and food frequency questionnaires.
Median UIC was 73 µg/L in the 1st T (ICR 102 µg/g creatinine) despite 55% taking iodine-containing supplements. Median UICs were 94, 117 and 90 µg/L in the 2nd T, 3rd T and PPP, respectively. Corresponding ICRs were 120, 126 and 60 µg/g creatinine. ICR was associated with volume of milk consumed throughout pregnancy. Median UIC among the offspring was 148 µg/L, with no difference between the breast- and formula-fed babies.
Pregnant women living in Northern Ireland may be at risk of iodine deficiency across pregnancy and into the PPP while the offspring are iodine sufficient. This is the first study of its kind in the UK with data for pregnant women and their offspring. The UK does not provide an iodine fortification programme nor offer routine iodine dietary advice in pregnancy and this requires consideration by public health agencies.
英国女学生中再次出现轻度碘缺乏症。我们希望研究当代孕妇人群，因为最近有报道称母体碘缺乏与后代认知评分之间存在关系。世界卫生组织（WHO）设定了中位数人群尿碘浓度（UIC）≥100 和≥150μg/L，分别用于定义怀孕前后的充足性。碘肌酐比（ICR）也用于校正稀释效应（怀孕时≥150μg/g 肌酐为充足）。
共有 241 名女性在整个孕期（T）进入产后阶段（PPP），并对 80 名婴儿进行了随机尿液采样和食物频率问卷调查。
尽管 55%的女性服用含碘补充剂，但在第 1 个 T 期时，UIC 的中位数为 73μg/L（ICR 为 102μg/g 肌酐）。第 2、3 个 T 和 PPP 期的 UIC 中位数分别为 94、117 和 90μg/L，相应的 ICR 分别为 120、126 和 60μg/g 肌酐。ICR 与整个孕期牛奶摄入量有关。婴儿的 UIC 中位数为 148μg/L，母乳喂养和配方奶喂养的婴儿之间没有差异。
生活在北爱尔兰的孕妇在整个孕期和产后期间可能面临碘缺乏的风险，而婴儿则是碘充足的。这是英国此类研究中的首次，提供了孕妇及其婴儿的数据。英国没有提供碘强化计划，也没有在怀孕期间提供常规碘饮食建议，这需要公共卫生机构的考虑。
