Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP50, 75005, Paris, France.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2019 Oct;35:34-40. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.06.007. Epub 2019 Jun 27.
The role phenotypic plasticity might play in adaptation to the ongoing climate changes is unclear. Plasticity allows for the production of a diversity of intra-generational responses, whose inter-generational evolutionary consequences are difficult to predict. In this article, we review theory and empirical studies addressing this question in insects by considering three scenarios. The first scenario corresponds to adaptive plasticity that should lead to slow or no evolution. The second scenario is the case of non-adaptive phenotypic plasticity to new environmental conditions that should lead either to extinction or, on the contrary, to rapid evolutionary change. The third scenario deals with how plasticity alters the variance selection acts upon. These scenarios are then discussed by highlighting examples of empirical studies on insects. We conclude that more studies are needed to better understand the relationship between phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary processes in insects.
表型可塑性在适应正在发生的气候变化方面可能发挥的作用尚不清楚。可塑性允许产生多种代际内反应，其代际进化后果难以预测。在本文中，我们通过考虑三种情况来审查昆虫中解决这个问题的理论和实证研究。第一种情况对应于适应性可塑性，这应该导致缓慢或没有进化。第二种情况是非适应的表型可塑性对新的环境条件，这应该导致灭绝，或者相反，导致快速的进化变化。第三种情况涉及到可塑性如何改变方差选择的作用。然后通过强调昆虫的实证研究的例子来讨论这些情况。我们得出的结论是，需要更多的研究来更好地理解昆虫中表型可塑性与进化过程之间的关系。
