Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Genome Biol Evol. 2024 Sep 3;16(9). doi: 10.1093/gbe/evae195.
Biological invasions carry substantial practical and scientific importance and represent natural evolutionary experiments on contemporary timescales. Here, we investigated genomic diversity and environmental adaptation of the crop pest Drosophila suzukii using whole-genome sequencing data and environmental metadata for 29 population samples from its native and invasive range. Through a multifaceted analysis of this population genomic data, we increase our understanding of the D. suzukii genome, its diversity and its evolution, and we identify an appropriate genotype-environment association pipeline for our dataset. Using this approach, we detect genetic signals of local adaptation associated with nine distinct environmental factors related to altitude, wind speed, precipitation, temperature, and human land use. We uncover unique functional signatures for each environmental variable, such as the prevalence of cuticular genes associated with annual precipitation. We also infer biological commonalities in the adaptation to diverse selective pressures, particularly in terms of the apparent contribution of nervous system evolution to enriched processes (ranging from neuron development to circadian behavior) and to top genes associated with all nine environmental variables. Our findings therefore depict a finer-scale adaptive landscape underlying the rapid invasion success of this agronomically important species.
生物入侵具有重要的实际意义和科学意义，代表了当代自然进化实验。在这里，我们使用全基因组测序数据和 29 个种群样本的环境元数据（来自其本地和入侵范围），研究了作物害虫果蝇的基因组多样性和环境适应性。通过对这些种群基因组数据的多方面分析，我们增加了对 D. suzukii 基因组、其多样性及其进化的了解，并为我们的数据集确定了适当的基因型-环境关联管道。使用这种方法，我们检测到与海拔、风速、降水、温度和人类土地利用等九个不同环境因素相关的局部适应的遗传信号。我们为每个环境变量揭示了独特的功能特征，例如与年降水量相关的表皮基因的流行。我们还推断出对不同选择压力的适应的生物学共性，特别是在神经系统进化对丰富过程（从神经元发育到昼夜节律行为）的明显贡献方面，以及与所有九个环境变量相关的顶级基因。因此，我们的研究结果描绘了这种具有重要农业意义的物种快速入侵成功背后更精细的适应景观。
