Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain.
J Exp Bot. 2019 Aug 29;70(17):4441-4460. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz339.
Plants are sessile organisms that need to complete their life cycle by the integration of different abiotic and biotic environmental signals, tailoring developmental cues and defense concomitantly. Commonly, stress responses are detrimental to plant growth and, despite the fact that intensive efforts have been made to understand both plant development and defense separately, most of the molecular basis of this trade-off remains elusive. To cope with such a diverse range of processes, plants have developed several strategies including the precise balance of key plant growth and stress regulators [i.e. phytohormones, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)]. Among RNS, nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous gasotransmitter involved in redox homeostasis that regulates specific checkpoints to control the switch between development and stress, mainly by post-translational protein modifications comprising S-nitrosation of cysteine residues and metals, and nitration of tyrosine residues. In this review, we have sought to compile those known NO molecular targets able to balance the crossroads between plant development and stress, with special emphasis on the metabolism, perception, and signaling of the phytohormones abscisic acid and salicylic acid during abiotic and biotic stress responses.
植物是固定不动的生物，需要通过整合不同的非生物和生物环境信号来完成生命周期，同时调整发育线索和防御。通常，应激反应对植物的生长不利，尽管人们已经做出了巨大的努力来分别理解植物的发育和防御，但这种权衡的大部分分子基础仍然难以捉摸。为了应对如此多样化的过程，植物已经发展出了几种策略，包括关键植物生长和应激调节剂的精确平衡[即植物激素、活性氮物种（RNS）和活性氧物种（ROS）]。在 RNS 中，一氧化氮（NO）是一种普遍存在的气体递质，参与氧化还原平衡，调节特定的检查点，以控制发育和应激之间的转换，主要通过包括半胱氨酸残基和金属的 S-亚硝化和酪氨酸残基的硝化在内的翻译后蛋白修饰来实现。在这篇综述中，我们试图汇编那些已知的能够平衡植物发育和应激之间的交叉点的 NO 分子靶标，特别强调植物激素脱落酸和水杨酸在非生物和生物胁迫反应中的代谢、感知和信号转导。
