Impact of severe left ventricular outflow tract calcification on device failure and short-term mortality in patients undergoing TAVI.

BACKGROUND

To investigate the impact of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) calcification on the incidence of device failure and mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

METHODS

Of 690 consecutive patients undergoing transfemoral TAVI in our center from January 2013 to December 2015, 600 presented with non-severe (NSCA) and 90 (13.0%) with severe (SCA) LVOT calcification. Primary outcome of interest was device failure defined as a composite of procedural death, prosthesis dislocation, annulus rupture or significant para-valvular leakage (PVL). Secondary outcome of interest was 30-day and one-year all-cause mortality.

RESULTS

Mean age of the population was 80.8 ± 7.2 years, mean STS score was 5.7 ± 4.6% and 50.6% of the patients were women. Patients with SCA more frequently experienced device failure (10.0% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.009) and were at higher risk of 30 day (10.0% vs. 2.8%, p < 0.001) all cause mortality as compared to those with NSCA. Furthermore, patients with SCA were more frequently in need of post-dilation (15.6% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.032) and showed higher incidence of significant PVL (7.8% vs. 2.5%, p = 0.007). In multivariate analysis, SCA (hazard ratio 2.87; 95% CI 1.20 to 6.34) and use of balloon-expandable prosthesis (hazard ratio 0.32; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.73) were identified as independent predictors of device failure.

CONCLUSION

Presence of severe LVOT calcification in patients undergoing transfemoral TAVI is associated with a higher risk of device failure and short-term mortality.