Suzuki Hiromi, Yoda Takeshi, Kanda Kanae, Nishimoto Naoki, Miyatake Nobuyuki, Konishi Yukihiko, Nishida Tomoko, Yokoyama Katsunori, Kusaka Takashi, Hirao Tomohiro
Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan.
Department of Public Health, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
Pediatr Int. 2019 Nov;61(11):1096-1102. doi: 10.1111/ped.13980.
The Japanese government has established a law encouraging early detection and treatment of developmental disorders in children. Child behavior problems (CBP) tend to be recognized at school as a result of developmental disorders. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with CBP in Japan. We hypothesized that factors other than developmental disorders are important in explaining CBP.
The study was conducted between February and March 2015. Parents of 3,515 children aged 2-5 years attending one of 34 public nursery schools in Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan received self-administered questionnaires addressing parental socioeconomic factors, mental health, parenting style (i.e. hostile, overreactive, or lax), developmental disorders in children, and CBP. A multiple regression analysis was applied to explore associations between CBP and possible factors.
Overall, 1,410 mothers were eligible to participate in the study. Children diagnosed with developmental disorders accounted for 7.8% of the sample, while on the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory 17% of children had behavior problems needing clinical intervention. After adjustment for confounding factors, as well as for the diagnosis of developmental disorders, poor mental status and all three dysfunctional parenting styles had strong associations with CBP, and hostile, overreactive, and lax parenting had standardized β-values (β) of 0.29, 0.28, and 0.15, respectively (P < 0.01). A problematic relationship between the parents was also significantly associated with CBP (β = -0.29, P < 0.01).
When CBP are identified, parenting skills, mental health status and parental relationships should be considered along with the possibility of developmental disorders in the development of interventions.
日本政府已制定一项法律，鼓励对儿童发育障碍进行早期发现和治疗。由于发育障碍，儿童行为问题（CBP）往往在学校被识别出来。本研究的目的是确定日本与儿童行为问题相关的因素。我们假设，除发育障碍外的其他因素在解释儿童行为问题方面很重要。
该研究于2015年2月至3月进行。日本香川县高松市34所公立幼儿园中2至5岁的3515名儿童的家长收到了自我管理问卷，内容涉及父母的社会经济因素、心理健康、育儿方式（即敌对、过度反应或宽松）、儿童发育障碍和儿童行为问题。应用多元回归分析来探讨儿童行为问题与可能因素之间的关联。
总体而言，1410名母亲符合参与该研究的条件。被诊断患有发育障碍的儿童占样本的7.8%，而根据艾伯格儿童行为量表，17%的儿童有需要临床干预的行为问题。在对混杂因素以及发育障碍诊断进行调整后，不良精神状态和所有三种功能失调的育儿方式与儿童行为问题有很强的关联，敌对、过度反应和宽松的育儿方式的标准化β值（β）分别为0.29、0.28和0.15（P<0.01）。父母之间的问题关系也与儿童行为问题显著相关（β=-0.29，P<0.01）。
在识别儿童行为问题时，在制定干预措施时应考虑育儿技能、心理健康状况和父母关系以及发育障碍的可能性。
