Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
ForFarmers, NL-7240 AB Lochem, the Netherlands.
Poult Sci. 2019 Oct 1;98(10):4729-4744. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez187.
In a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, the effects of dietary non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) levels, 0.17% (low) and 0.33% (moderate), diet moisture (dry and wet), and diet particle size (coarse and fine), were studied on egg production, characteristics of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and tibia, digesta pH, and phytase activity in layer pullets (16 to 28 wk of age). The low NPP diet increased average daily water intake (ADWI) to ADFI ratio (4.2%) from 16 to 17 wk, but decreased this ratio (2.8%) from 23 to 27 wk. It decreased ADFI (1.5%) and egg mass production (3.8%) from 19 to 22 wk. It decreased egg weight (0.29 g) and ADWI (2.1%) from 23 to 27 wk. At 22 wk, the GIT relative empty organ weights were (g/kg BW) higher for proventriculus + gizzard (0.96), duodeneum (0.94), and jejunum + ileum (1.95) with the low vs. moderate NPP diet. The low NPP diet decreased digesta phytase activity in crop and proventriculus+gizzard at 28 wk. The wet diet increased ADFI, ADWI, and ADWI/ADFI ratio from 16 to 27 wk, egg mass production (3.0%) from 19 to 22 wk, and egg weight (0.45 g) from 23 to 27 wk. The wet diet also increased digesta phytase activity in proventriculus+gizzard. The coarse diet decreased ADFI from 19 to 22 wk (1.7%) and 23 to 27 wk (1.2%). The coarse diet caused reduced egg mass production (2.6%) from 23 to 27 wk. Egg shell breaking strength was increased on the coarse diet (0.9 Newton). The coarse diet increased ADWI/ADFI ratio from 16 to 27 wk, and increased relative gizzard weight by 1.95 and 0.81 g/kg BW at 22 and 28 wk, respectively. The coarse diet increased jejunal/ileal pH with 0.16 units at 28 wk. None of the tested parameters affected tibia characteristics. It was concluded that a low NPP diet did not clearly affect the studied parameters. The wet diet increased ADFI, ADWI, and egg production. The coarse diet increased ADWI, egg shell breaking strength, relative gizzard weight, and reduced ADFI and egg production.
在一项 2×2×2 析因设计中，研究了饲粮非植酸磷（NPP）水平（0.17%低和 0.33%中）、饲粮水分（干和湿）和饲粮粒度（粗和细）对产蛋鸡（16 至 28 周龄）产蛋性能、胃肠道（GIT）和胫骨特性、食糜 pH 值和植酸酶活性的影响。低 NPP 饲粮从 16 到 17 周增加了平均日采水量（ADWI）与采食量（ADFI）的比值（4.2%），但从 23 到 27 周降低了该比值（2.8%）。它从 19 到 22 周降低了 ADFI（1.5%）和蛋重（3.8%）。它从 23 到 27 周降低了蛋重（0.29g）和 ADWI（2.1%）。在 22 周时，低 NPP 饲粮组比中 NPP 饲粮组的腺胃+肌胃（0.96）、十二指肠（0.94）和空肠+回肠（1.95）的相对空肠器官重量更高。低 NPP 饲粮在 28 周时降低了盲肠和腺胃+肌胃的食糜植酸酶活性。湿饲粮从 16 到 27 周增加了 ADFI、ADWI 和 ADWI/ADFI 比值，从 19 到 22 周增加了蛋重（3.0%），从 23 到 27 周增加了蛋重（0.45g）。湿饲粮还增加了腺胃+肌胃的食糜植酸酶活性。粗饲粮从 19 到 22 周（1.7%）和 23 到 27 周（1.2%）降低了 ADFI。粗饲粮导致 23 到 27 周产蛋量减少（2.6%）。蛋壳破裂强度在粗饲粮上增加了（0.9 牛顿）。粗饲粮从 16 到 27 周增加了 ADWI/ADFI 比值，22 周和 28 周分别使相对肌胃重量增加了 1.95 和 0.81g/kgBW。粗饲粮在 28 周时使空肠/回肠 pH 值增加了 0.16 个单位。测试的参数都没有影响胫骨特性。结果表明，低 NPP 饲粮并未明显影响研究参数。湿饲粮增加了 ADFI、ADWI 和产蛋量。粗饲粮增加了 ADWI、蛋壳破裂强度、相对肌胃重量、降低了 ADFI 和产蛋量。
