Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, NL-6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Nutrition and Innovation Centre, ForFarmers N.V., NL-7240 AB, Lochem, the Netherlands.
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, NL-6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Poult Sci. 2021 Jun;100(6):101130. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101130. Epub 2021 Mar 16.
In a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, effects of feed form (crumbles (CWS), mash (MWS), both with inclusion of 3% finely ground wheat straw, or crumbles with inclusion of 3% oat hulls (COH)), and dietary Ca and P (high and low Ca-P) from 0 to 16 wk of age were studied on growth performance, bone characteristics, and gizzard development of egg-type pullets. The cross-over effect of feeding strategy during rearing on laying performance and egg shell quality was studied from 19 to 32 wk of age. From 0 to 16 wk, ADG, ADFI, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved with CWS and COH compared to MWS, but ADG and FCR were improved with MWS compared to CWS and COH from 11 to 16 wk. Uniformity of BW till 11 wk, and tibia breaking strength at 6 and 16 wk were higher with CWS and COH compared to MWS. Tibia ash content at 11 wk and relative empty proventriculus + gizzard weight (EPG) were lower with CWS and COH compared to MWS, also relative EPG at 11 and 16 wk was higher with COH compared to CWS. At 25 wk BW was lower with MWS compared to CWS and COH, but BW was equal for all treatments at 32 wk. The FCR for egg production was improved with COH compared to MWS. Egg shell parameters were not affected by feed form during rearing. Low Ca-P decreased BW uniformity at 6 wk, relative keel bone weight and ash content at 11 wk, tibia ash content at 11 and 16 wk, increased relative EPG at 6 wk, and improved egg shell quality at 32 wk of age. It was concluded that feeding CWS and COH compared to MWS increased growth performance, but had no clear cross-over effect on egg production. Low dietary Ca-P led to a lower bone mineralization during rearing, nevertheless improved egg shell quality at 32 wk.
在一项 3×2 析因设计中，研究了饲料形态（颗粒料（CWS）、粉料（MWS），均含有 3%细小麦秸秆，或颗粒料含有 3%燕麦壳（COH））和饲粮钙磷（高钙磷和低钙磷）对 0 至 16 周龄蛋鸡生长性能、骨骼特性和肌胃发育的影响。从 19 至 32 周龄研究了育雏期饲养策略的交叉效应对产蛋性能和蛋壳质量的影响。0 至 16 周，与 MWS 相比，CWS 和 COH 提高了 ADG、ADFI 和饲料转化率（FCR），但从 11 至 16 周，MWS 提高了 ADG 和 FCR。11 周前 BW 均匀度和 6 周和 16 周时胫骨断裂强度较高，CWS 和 COH 组比 MWS 组高。11 周时胫骨灰分含量和相对肌胃+腺胃重（EPG）较低，CWS 和 COH 组比 MWS 组低，11 周和 16 周时相对 EPG 也较高，COH 组比 CWS 组高。25 周 BW 时，MWS 组比 CWS 和 COH 组低，但 32 周时所有处理组 BW 相同。与 MWS 相比，COH 组产蛋的 FCR 得到改善。育雏期饲料形态对蛋壳参数无影响。低钙磷降低了 6 周时 BW 均匀度、11 周时相对龙骨重和灰分含量、11 周和 16 周时胫骨灰分含量、6 周时相对 EPG，改善了 32 周时的蛋壳质量。结论是，与 MWS 相比，饲喂 CWS 和 COH 提高了生长性能，但对产蛋没有明显的交叉效应。低钙磷导致育雏期骨骼矿化程度降低，但在 32 周时改善了蛋壳质量。
