Brown Barton L, Meyer-Ortmanns Hildegard, Pleimling Michel
Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0435, USA.
Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0435, USA.
Phys Rev E. 2019 Jun;99(6-1):062116. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.99.062116.
Spatial many-species predator-prey systems have been shown to yield very rich space-time patterns. This observation begs the question whether there exist universal mechanisms for generating this type of emerging complex patterns in nonequilibrium systems. In this work we investigate the possibility of dynamically generated hierarchies in predator-prey systems. We analyze a nine-species model with competing interactions and show that the studied situation results in the spontaneous formation of spirals within spirals. The parameter dependence of these intriguing nested spirals is elucidated. This is achieved through the numerical investigation of various quantities (correlation lengths, densities of empty sites, Fourier analysis of species densities, interface fluctuations) that allows us to gain a rather complete understanding of the spatial arrangements and the temporal evolution of the system. A possible generalization of the interaction scheme yielding dynamically generated hierarchies is discussed. As cyclic interactions occur spontaneously in systems with competing strategies, the mechanism discussed in this work should contribute to our understanding of various social and biological systems.
空间多物种捕食者 - 猎物系统已被证明会产生非常丰富的时空模式。这一观察结果引发了一个问题，即在非平衡系统中是否存在产生这类新兴复杂模式的通用机制。在这项工作中，我们研究了捕食者 - 猎物系统中动态生成层次结构的可能性。我们分析了一个具有竞争相互作用的九物种模型，并表明所研究的情况会导致螺旋嵌套螺旋的自发形成。阐明了这些有趣的嵌套螺旋的参数依赖性。这是通过对各种量（关联长度、空位点密度、物种密度的傅里叶分析、界面波动）进行数值研究来实现的，这使我们能够对系统的空间排列和时间演化有相当完整的理解。讨论了产生动态生成层次结构的相互作用方案的可能推广。由于循环相互作用在具有竞争策略的系统中自发出现，这项工作中讨论的机制应有助于我们理解各种社会和生物系统。
