Research Center of Spatial Planning and Human-Environment System Simulation, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
Department of Geography, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jul 20;16(14):2591. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16142591.
Contamination with the eight elements, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cd, is a serious concern in Zhongshan, which is a typical light industrial city, China. 60 surface soil samples were collected to investigate the concentrations, spatial distribution, human health risk, and sources of these elements in the soils in Zhongshan. The concentrations of the eight elements were analyzed while using ordinary kriging analysis, pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (RI), human health risk, correlation analysis, and factor analysis. The mean concentrations of the tested elements, excluding Pb and As, were higher than the soil background values in the Pearl River Delta. The spatial distribution of the tested elements revealed a zonal distribution pattern and high values in several areas. The mean PLI and RI indicated slight and moderate risk levels. Health risk assessment demonstrates that both children and adults were more exposed to Cu than to Cr, As, and Cd. However, the associated carcinogenic risk is acceptable. Hg that originated from human activities; As, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Cd originated from industrial activities; and, Pb and Zn originated from transportation activities. Cd was the main pollutant in the study area and it was present at higher concentrations when compared with those of the other elements. Therefore, Zhongshan should encourage enterprises to conduct industrial transformation to control the ecological risk.
在中国典型的轻工业城市中山市，Hg、As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn 和 Cd 等 8 种元素的污染是一个严重的问题。采集了 60 个表层土壤样本，以调查中山市土壤中这些元素的浓度、空间分布、人体健康风险和来源。使用普通克里金分析、污染负荷指数 (PLI)、潜在生态风险指数 (RI)、人体健康风险、相关分析和因子分析对 8 种元素的浓度进行了分析。除了 Pb 和 As 之外，所测试元素的平均浓度均高于珠江三角洲的土壤背景值。测试元素的空间分布显示出带状分布模式和几个地区的高值。平均 PLI 和 RI 表明风险水平轻微且中等。健康风险评估表明，儿童和成人比 Cr、As 和 Cd 更容易受到 Cu 的暴露。然而，相关的致癌风险是可以接受的。Hg 来源于人类活动，As、Cr、Cu、Ni 和 Cd 来源于工业活动，而 Pb 和 Zn 则来源于交通活动。Cd 是研究区域的主要污染物，其浓度高于其他元素。因此，中山市应鼓励企业进行产业转型，以控制生态风险。
