Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Adv Clin Chem. 2019;91:31-98. doi: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.03.002. Epub 2019 May 4.
Specific nucleic acid detection in vitro or in vivo has become increasingly important in the discovery of genetic diseases, diagnosing pathogen infection and monitoring disease treatment. One challenge, however, is that the amount of target nucleic acid in specimens is limited. Furthermore, direct sensing methods are also unable to provide sufficient sensitivity and specificity. Fortunately, due to advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials, nanotechnology-based bioassays have emerged as powerful and promising approaches providing ultra-high sensitivity and specificity in nucleic acid detection. This chapter presents an overview of strategies used in the development and integration of nanotechnology for nucleic acid detection, including optical and electrical detection methods, and nucleic acid assistant recycling amplification strategies. Recent 5 years representative examples are reviewed to demonstrate the proof-of-concept with promising applications for DNA/RNA detection and the underlying mechanism for detection of DNA/RNA with the higher sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, a brief discussion of common unresolved issues and future trends in this field is provided both from fundamental and practical point of view.
在体外或体内进行特定核酸的检测在发现遗传疾病、诊断病原体感染和监测疾病治疗方面变得越来越重要。然而，其中一个挑战是样本中靶核酸的含量有限。此外，直接传感方法也无法提供足够的灵敏度和特异性。幸运的是，由于纳米技术和纳米材料的进步，基于纳米技术的生物分析已经成为一种强大且有前途的方法，在核酸检测中提供超高的灵敏度和特异性。本章介绍了用于开发和整合纳米技术进行核酸检测的策略，包括光学和电学检测方法，以及核酸辅助循环扩增策略。综述了最近 5 年的代表性实例，以证明用于 DNA/RNA 检测的概念验证以及具有更高灵敏度和选择性的 DNA/RNA 检测的潜在机制。此外，从基础和实际的角度简要讨论了该领域常见的未解决问题和未来趋势。
