Multiple sclerosis in resource-limited settings: Research opportunities in an unequal world.

This position piece is meant to extend the humanitarian argument for assisting people with multiple sclerosis (MS) in resource-limited settings, in this case, through research. It is also meant to highlight areas of strength of some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and therefore emphasize how the field of MS could best be served globally by more research with and for resource-limited populations. Possible areas of particular strength include (1) ethnicity, genetic diversity, and migration studies; (2) analysis of possibly emerging environmental and lifestyle-related risk factors; (3) understanding the immune system when exposed to novel pathogens and various infectious agents; (4) reverse innovation to promote better point-of-care diagnostic tests; (5) high participation rates in clinical registries and research; (6) appreciation of MS in special populations including a higher focus on pediatrics and pregnancy; (7) culturally adept means of treatment and rehabilitating disability; (8) models of care delivery for chronic, complex neurologic diseases; and (9) use of off-label, generic, and less commonly implemented disease-modifying therapy sequences. Strategies for strengthening the MS research landscape include (1) creation of centers of research excellence in LMICs and twinning of institutions between high- and low-income countries; (2) standardization of research procedures and reduction of bureaucracies; (3) consensus meetings and network building; (4) opening additional avenues for publications and expanding the types of available publications; (5) identifying and establishing dedicated funding mechanisms; (6) focus on local relevance; and (7) setting expectations to include patients from LMICs in international clinical trials. These underutilized opportunities build an argument that global partnerships for research and knowledge coordination could better reach across populations, geographies, economies, and expertise.