State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
Wheat Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
Funct Integr Genomics. 2020 Jan;20(1):63-74. doi: 10.1007/s10142-019-00698-9. Epub 2019 Jul 22.
To understand the molecular changes taking place during the early grain development in common wheat, we profiled transcriptome and proteome of two cultivars, "P271" and "Chinese Spring" (CS) with large and small grains, respectively. More than 85,000 genes and 7500 proteins were identified to express during early grain development in two wheat cultivars. We observed enrichment in the number of genes falling in the functional categories-carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and cofactor as well as vitamin metabolism with progression in grain development, which indicates towards the importance of these metabolic pathways during grain maturation. Many genes showed inconsistency between transcription and translation, which suggested a role of post-transcriptional events that determine the fate of nascent transcript/protein, in the early grain development. In silico localization of differentially expressed genes/proteins between CS and P271 to wheat chromosomes, exhibited a biased genomic distribution with chromosomes 1A, 4B, and 5B contributing primarily to it. These results corroborated the earlier findings, where chromosomes 1A, 4B, and 5B were reported to harbor genes/QTLs for yield contributing traits such as grain length and thickness. Collectively, this study reveals the molecular changes taking place during early grain development, through light on the regulation of these processes, and allows identification of the gene candidates contributing to the contrasting grain characteristics of CS and P721. This information has implications in the future wheat breeding for the enhanced grain yield.
为了了解普通小麦早期籽粒发育过程中发生的分子变化，我们对两个品种（“P271”和“Chinese Spring”（CS））的转录组和蛋白质组进行了分析，这两个品种的籽粒大小分别较大和较小。在两个小麦品种的早期籽粒发育过程中，鉴定出超过 85000 个基因和 7500 个蛋白质表达。我们观察到，随着籽粒发育的进展，功能类别（碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、脂质代谢以及辅助因子和维生素代谢）中基因数量的富集，这表明这些代谢途径在籽粒成熟过程中的重要性。许多基因的转录和翻译不一致，这表明转录后事件在决定新生转录物/蛋白质的命运方面起着重要作用，在早期籽粒发育中起着重要作用。CS 和 P271 之间差异表达基因/蛋白质在小麦染色体上的定位表明，存在偏向性的基因组分布，1A、4B 和 5B 染色体主要贡献。这些结果与早期发现一致，其中 1A、4B 和 5B 染色体被报道含有与粒长和粒厚等产量性状相关的基因/QTL。总的来说，这项研究揭示了早期籽粒发育过程中发生的分子变化，阐明了这些过程的调控机制，并鉴定出了对 CS 和 P721 不同粒型特征有贡献的候选基因。这些信息对未来的小麦育种具有重要意义，有助于提高粮食产量。
