College of Agronomy/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
The National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
BMC Genomics. 2018 Oct 24;19(1):768. doi: 10.1186/s12864-018-5174-z.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world's most important grain crops. The amyloplast, a specialized organelle, is the major site for starch synthesis and storage in wheat grain. Understanding the metabolism in amyloplast during grain development in wheat cultivars with different quality traits will provide useful information for potential yield and quality improvement.
Two wheat cultivars, ZM366 and YM49-198 that differ in kernel hardness and starch characteristics, were used to examine the metabolic changes in amyloplasts at 10 and 15 days after anthesis (DAA) using label-free-based proteome analysis. We identified 523 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between 10 DAA and 15 DAA, and 229 DEPs between ZM366 and YM49-198. These DEPs mainly participate in eight biochemical processes: carbohydrate metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, stress/defense, transport, energetics-related, signal transduction, protein synthesis/assembly/degradation, and nucleic acid-related processes. Among these proteins, the DEPs showing higher expression levels at 10 DAA are mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, stress/defense, and nucleic acid related processes, whereas DEPs with higher expression levels at 15 DAA are mainly carbohydrate metabolism, energetics-related, and transport-related proteins. Among the DEPs between the two cultivars, ZM366 had more up-regulated proteins than YM49-198, and these are mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, nucleic acid-related processes, and transport.
The results of our study indicate that wheat grain amyloplast has the broad metabolic capability. The DEPs involved in carbohydrate metabolism, nucleic acids, stress/defense, and transport processes, with grain development and cultivar differences, are possibly responsible for different grain characteristics, especially with respect to yield and quality-related traits.
小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一。淀粉体是一种特化的细胞器，是小麦籽粒中淀粉合成和储存的主要场所。了解不同品质特性的小麦品种在籽粒发育过程中淀粉体的代谢情况，将为提高产量和品质提供有用的信息。
本研究以硬度和淀粉特性不同的两个小麦品种 ZM366 和 YM49-198 为材料，采用无标记蛋白质组学分析方法，在花后 10 天和 15 天分别检测淀粉体的代谢变化。共鉴定到差异表达蛋白 523 个，ZM366 和 YM49-198 之间的差异表达蛋白 229 个。这些差异表达蛋白主要参与 8 种生化过程：碳水化合物代谢、氮代谢、应激/防御、运输、能量相关、信号转导、蛋白质合成/组装/降解和核酸相关过程。其中，10 天表达上调的差异表达蛋白主要参与碳水化合物代谢、应激/防御和核酸相关过程，而 15 天表达上调的差异表达蛋白主要参与碳水化合物代谢、能量相关和运输相关蛋白。在两个品种之间的差异表达蛋白中，ZM366 的上调蛋白多于 YM49-198，主要涉及碳水化合物代谢、核酸相关过程和运输。
本研究表明，小麦籽粒淀粉体具有广泛的代谢能力。与籽粒发育和品种差异相关的碳水化合物代谢、核酸、应激/防御和运输过程中的差异表达蛋白，可能与不同的籽粒特性有关，尤其是与产量和品质相关的性状。
