Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2019 Dec;32(6):789-801. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12669. Epub 2019 Jul 23.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the principal cause of mortality and disability in Iranian adults. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary patterns and CVD incidence in a large sample of adults in northeastern Iran.
The present study comprised a prospective study of 5706 CVD-free men and women aged 35-65 years who participated in a cohort study. All of the participants were followed up for a 6-year period. Dietary patterns were derived from a 65-item validated food frequency questionnaire and the factor analysis method was used to determine dietary patterns.
We identified two major dietary patterns: (i) a Balanced dietary pattern (a high intake of green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, fruits, dairy products, red meats, poultry, seafoods, legumes and nuts, as well as a low intake of sugar) and (ii) a Western dietary pattern (a high intake of sugar, tea, egg, snacks, fast foods, potato, carbonated beverages, pickled foods, organs meat and butter) by factor analysis. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of total CVD in the highest versus lowest tertiles of the Balanced pattern were 1.29 (95% CI = 0.67-2.47; P = 0.44). The HR and 95% CIs of CVD in the highest versus lowest tertiles of Western pattern were 2.21 (95% CI = 1.08-4.45; P = 0.03).
During the 6-year follow-up, we found that adherence to a Balanced dietary pattern was not significantly associated with CVD events. However, adherence to a Western dietary pattern was associated with a significantly increased risk of CVD events and its associated risk.
心血管疾病（CVD）是伊朗成年人死亡和残疾的主要原因。我们旨在评估东北伊朗大量成年人的饮食模式与 CVD 发病率之间的关系。
本研究包括一项对 5706 名无 CVD 的 35-65 岁男女进行的前瞻性研究，他们参加了一项队列研究。所有参与者都随访了 6 年。饮食模式是从一份经过验证的 65 项食物频率问卷中得出的，采用因子分析方法确定饮食模式。
我们确定了两种主要的饮食模式：（i）均衡饮食模式（大量摄入绿叶蔬菜、其他蔬菜、水果、乳制品、红肉、家禽、海鲜、豆类和坚果，以及低摄入糖）和（ii）西方饮食模式（大量摄入糖、茶、鸡蛋、零食、快餐、土豆、碳酸饮料、腌制食品、器官肉和黄油）通过因子分析。最高与最低三分位的均衡模式的总 CVD 的危险比（HR）和 95%置信区间（CI）为 1.29（95%CI=0.67-2.47；P=0.44）。最高与最低三分位的西方模式的 CVD 的 HR 和 95%CI 分别为 2.21（95%CI=1.08-4.45；P=0.03）。
在 6 年的随访中，我们发现，坚持均衡饮食模式与 CVD 事件没有显著相关性。然而，坚持西方饮食模式与 CVD 事件及其相关风险显著增加相关。
