Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Nutr Diet. 2019 Nov;76(5):597-603. doi: 10.1111/1747-0080.12514. Epub 2019 Feb 6.
The present study aimed to investigate major dietary patterns and their association with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Yazd city located in Iran.
This case-control designed study was conducted at six healthcare centres. Two hundred and seventy-eight pregnant women who referred for GDM screening participated. Dietary assessment was carried out by using a 67-item validated food frequency questionnaire to evaluate dietary history of participants during the last year. Principal component analysis was used to identify major food patterns. Multivariable logistic regression model was employed to identify the association between dietary patterns and risk of GDM.
Two major dietary patterns were detected. The Western dietary pattern was associated with higher intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages, refined grain products, fast foods, salty snacks, sweets and biscuit, mayonnaise and saturated oils, while the prudent dietary pattern was associated with higher intakes of fruits, low-fat dairy, potato, egg, fish, poultry, nuts, organs meat and red meat. Furthermore, prudent dietary pattern was negatively associated with GDM risk (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.44-0.99). However, there was no significant association between adherence of the Western dietary pattern and risk of GDM.
Pre-pregnancy adherence of the prudent dietary pattern was significantly associated with reduced risk of GDM.
本研究旨在探讨伊朗亚兹德市主要的饮食模式及其与妊娠糖尿病（GDM）风险的关系。
本病例对照设计的研究在六个医疗中心进行。共有 278 名孕妇参与了 GDM 筛查。通过使用经过验证的 67 项食物频率问卷评估参与者在过去一年中的饮食史，进行膳食评估。采用主成分分析法确定主要食物模式。采用多变量逻辑回归模型确定饮食模式与 GDM 风险之间的关系。
检测到两种主要的饮食模式。西方饮食模式与摄入更多的含糖饮料、精制谷物产品、快餐、咸零食、糖果和饼干、蛋黄酱和饱和油有关，而谨慎饮食模式与摄入更多的水果、低脂乳制品、土豆、鸡蛋、鱼、家禽、坚果、器官肉和红肉有关。此外，谨慎饮食模式与 GDM 风险呈负相关（OR=0.88，95%CI：0.44-0.99）。然而，西方饮食模式的依从性与 GDM 风险之间没有显著关联。
妊娠前遵循谨慎的饮食模式与降低 GDM 风险显著相关。
