Beak Seok-Hyeon, Lee Yoonseok, Lee Eun Bi, Kim Kyoung Hoon, Kim Jong Geun, Bok Jin Duck, Kang Sang-Kee
Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea.
Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, HanKyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea.
J Anim Sci Technol. 2019 Mar;61(2):69-76. doi: 10.5187/jast.2019.61.2.69. Epub 2019 Mar 31.
Maize which has very high omega-6 fatty acid content has been used as a main feed grain for Hanwoo beef production to increase marbling, and thus omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids ratio in Hanwoo beef is expected to be biased. To elucidate the current status of omega fatty acids ratio in Hanwoo beef, fatty acid profiles of neutral lipid and phospholipid fraction were analyzed separately using 55 Hanwoo steers' muscle slaughtered at Pyeongchang, Korea from Oct. to Nov. 2015. In addition, an association study was conducted to evaluate associations between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from references and omega fatty acid profiles in phospholipid of Hanwoo beef samples using analysis of variance (ANOVA). In neutral lipid fraction, composition of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids was higher and polyunsaturated fatty acids was lower compared to those in phospholipid fraction. The mean n-6/n-3 ratios of Hanwoo were 56.059 ± 16.180 and 26.811 ± 6.668 in phospholipid and neutral lipid, respectively. There were three SNPs showing statistically significant associations with omega fatty acid content. GA type of rs41919985 in fatty acid synthase (FASN) was significantly associated with the highest amount of C20:5 n-3 ( = 0.031). CC type of rs41729173 in fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) was significantly associated with the lowest amount of C22:2n-6 ( = 0.047). AG type of rs42187261 in FADS1 was significantly linked to the lowest concentration of C20:4 n-6 ( = 0.044). The total n-6/n-3 ratio of the steer which has all four SNP types in above loci (27.905) was much lower than the mean value of the total n-6/n-3 ratio in phospholipid of the 55 Hanwoo steers (56.059 ± 16.180). It was found that phospholipid and neutral lipid of Hanwoo have very high n-6/n-3 ratios compared to the reported data from different cow breeds. Four SNPs in genes related with fatty acid metabolism showed significant associations with the fatty acid profile of phospholipid and may have potential as SNP markers to select Hanwoo steers in terms of n-6/n-3 balance in the future.
ω-6脂肪酸含量非常高的玉米已被用作韩牛生产的主要饲料谷物，以增加大理石花纹，因此预计韩牛的ω-6与ω-3脂肪酸比例会有偏差。为了阐明韩牛中ω脂肪酸比例的现状，于2015年10月至11月在韩国平昌屠宰了55头韩牛阉牛，分别分析了其肌肉中中性脂质和磷脂部分的脂肪酸谱。此外，进行了一项关联研究，使用方差分析（ANOVA）评估来自参考文献的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记与韩牛牛肉样品磷脂中ω脂肪酸谱之间的关联。在中性脂质部分，饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸的组成高于磷脂部分，而多不饱和脂肪酸则低于磷脂部分。韩牛磷脂和中性脂质中的平均n-6/n-3比值分别为56.059±16.180和26.811±6.668。有三个SNP与ω脂肪酸含量显示出统计学上的显著关联。脂肪酸合酶（FASN）中rs41919985的GA型与最高含量的C20:5 n-3显著相关（P = 0.031）。脂肪酸结合蛋白4（FABP4）中rs41729173的CC型与最低含量的C22:2n-6显著相关（P = 0.047）。脂肪酸去饱和酶1（FADS1）中rs42187261的AG型与最低浓度的C20:4 n-6显著相关（P = 0.044）。在上述位点具有所有四种SNP类型的阉牛的总n-6/n-3比值（27.905）远低于55头韩牛阉牛磷脂中总n-6/n-3比值的平均值（56.059±16.180）。研究发现，与不同奶牛品种报告的数据相比，韩牛的磷脂和中性脂质具有非常高的n-6/n-3比值。与脂肪酸代谢相关基因中的四个SNP与磷脂的脂肪酸谱显示出显著关联，未来可能有潜力作为SNP标记来选择韩牛阉牛的n-6/n-3平衡。
