Esmaeili Nazila, Gray Evan MacA, Webb Colin J
Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Australia.
Chemphyschem. 2019 Aug 16;20(16):2016-2053. doi: 10.1002/cphc.201900191. Epub 2019 Jul 23.
The critical component of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system is the proton exchange membrane (PEM). Perfluorosulfonic acid membranes such as Nafion are currently used for PEMFCs in industry, despite suffering from reduced proton conductivity due to dehydration at higher temperatures. However, operating at temperatures below 100 °C leads to cathode flooding, catalyst poisoning by CO, and complex system design with higher cost. Research has concentrated on the membrane material and on preparation methods to achieve high proton conductivity, thermal, mechanical and chemical stability, low fuel crossover and lower cost at high temperatures. Non-fluorinated polymers are a promising alternative. However, improving the efficiency at higher temperatures has necessitated modifications and the inclusion of inorganic materials in a polymer matrix to form a composite membrane can be an approach to reach the target performance, while still reducing costs. This review focuses on recent research in composite PEMs based on non-fluorinated polymers. Various inorganic fillers incorporated in the PEM structure are reviewed in terms of their properties and the effect on PEM fuel cell performance. The most reliable polymers and fillers with potential for high temperature proton exchange membranes (HTPEMs) are also discussed.
质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）系统的关键组件是质子交换膜（PEM）。尽管全氟磺酸膜（如Nafion）在较高温度下会因脱水而导致质子传导率降低，但目前工业上仍将其用于PEMFC。然而，在低于100°C的温度下运行会导致阴极水淹、一氧化碳中毒以及系统设计复杂且成本较高。研究集中在膜材料和制备方法上，以实现高质子传导率、热稳定性、机械稳定性和化学稳定性、低燃料渗透以及在高温下降低成本。非氟化聚合物是一种有前途的替代材料。然而，提高高温下的效率需要进行改性，在聚合物基体中加入无机材料以形成复合膜可能是实现目标性能的一种方法，同时仍能降低成本。本综述重点关注基于非氟化聚合物的复合质子交换膜的最新研究。根据其性能以及对PEM燃料电池性能的影响，对掺入PEM结构中的各种无机填料进行了综述。还讨论了最可靠的聚合物和具有高温质子交换膜（HTPEM）潜力的填料。
