Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland.
PLoS One. 2019 Jul 23;14(7):e0218926. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218926. eCollection 2019.
Motivational intensity has been previously linked to information processing. In particular, it has been argued that affects which are high in motivational intensity tend to narrow cognitive scope. A similar effect has been attributed to negative affect, which has been linked to narrowing of cognitive scope. In this paper, we investigated how these phenomena manifest themselves during visual word search. We conducted three studies in which participants were instructed to perform word category identification. We manipulated motivational intensity by controlling reward expectations and affect via reward outcomes. Importantly, we altered visual search paradigms, assessing the effects of affective manipulations as modulated by information arrangement. We recorded multiple physiological signals (EEG, EDA, ECG and eye tracking) to assess whether motivational states can be predicted by physiology. Across the three studies, we found that high motivational intensity narrowed visual attentional scope by altering visual search strategies, especially when information was displayed sparsely. Instead, when information was vertically listed, approach-directed motivational intensity appeared to improve memory encoding. We also observed that physiology, in particular eye tracking, may be used to detect biases induced by motivational intensity, especially when information is sparsely organised.
动机强度先前与信息处理有关。特别是，有人认为，动机强度高的情感往往会缩小认知范围。类似的效应归因于负性情绪，它与认知范围的缩小有关。在本文中，我们研究了这些现象在视觉词汇搜索中是如何表现出来的。我们进行了三项研究，参与者被要求执行词汇类别识别。我们通过控制奖励结果来控制奖励期望和情绪，从而控制动机强度。重要的是，我们改变了视觉搜索范式，评估了情感操作的影响，这些影响受到信息排列的调节。我们记录了多种生理信号（脑电图、皮肤电活动、心电图和眼动跟踪）来评估生理状态是否可以通过生理来预测。在三项研究中，我们发现高动机强度通过改变视觉搜索策略来缩小视觉注意力范围，尤其是当信息稀疏显示时。相反，当信息垂直列出时，趋近导向的动机强度似乎可以改善记忆编码。我们还观察到，生理，特别是眼动跟踪，可能被用来检测由动机强度引起的偏差，尤其是当信息稀疏组织时。
