Department of Agronomy, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
Department of Economics, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2019 Jul 23;14(7):e0219742. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219742. eCollection 2019.
Coffee is a crop of significant importance for Brazilian agrobusiness. There is evidence that both the geographic distribution of coffee production, and the varieties of coffee produced, have changed throughout Brazil over the course of time. Furthermore, it appears that these developments are associated with structural changes resulting from reductions in government intervention and its effects on prices in the coffee market, which has established a new dynamic of coffee production in the country. In this context, this study's objective is to analyze the dynamics of coffee production in Brazil, to identify the Brazilian micro-regions specializing in coffee activities, and to track how the spatial distribution of these micro-regions has varied over time. In so doing, the study aims to identify defining economic characteristics of primary coffee-producing regions. Drawing primarily on data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the study proceeds by applying Pearson correlation, Granger causality test, location quotient, principal components, and clustering analyses to explore how, during the 1984-2015 period, significant changes occurred in the distribution of regions specializing in coffee production. States such as Paraná and São Paulo, historically important coffee producers, declined in importance, leaving only a few micro-regions in these states specialized in coffee production. During the 2014/15 biennium, 80% of the coffee-specialized micro-regions were concentrated in the states of Minas Gerais, Bahia, Rondônia, and Espírito Santo. Minas Gerais and Bahia primarily produced arabica coffee, while Rondônia specialized in conilon (robusta) coffee. Overall, coffee produced in Brazil improved in quality and value-added over this period.
咖啡对巴西农业综合企业具有重要意义。有证据表明，随着时间的推移，咖啡生产的地理分布和生产的咖啡品种在巴西各地都发生了变化。此外，这些发展似乎与政府干预减少及其对咖啡市场价格的影响所导致的结构变化有关，这为该国的咖啡生产建立了新的动态。在这种情况下，本研究的目的是分析巴西咖啡生产的动态，确定专门从事咖啡活动的巴西微观区域，并跟踪这些微观区域的空间分布随时间的变化。这样，研究旨在确定主要咖啡生产地区的经济特征。本研究主要利用巴西地理和统计研究所的数据，通过应用皮尔逊相关、格兰杰因果检验、区位商、主成分和聚类分析，来探讨在 1984 年至 2015 年期间，专门从事咖啡生产的地区分布发生了哪些重大变化。历史上重要的咖啡生产州，如巴拉那州和圣保罗州，其重要性有所下降，这些州只剩下少数几个专门从事咖啡生产的微观区域。在 2014/15 两年期，80%的咖啡专业化微观区域集中在米纳斯吉拉斯州、巴伊亚州、朗多尼亚州和圣埃斯皮里图州。米纳斯吉拉斯州和巴伊亚州主要生产阿拉比卡咖啡，而朗多尼亚州则专门生产罗布斯塔咖啡(conilon)。总的来说，在此期间，巴西生产的咖啡在质量和附加值方面都有所提高。
