Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, CICESE, Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico.
Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, CICESE, Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico.
Environ Microbiol. 2019 Nov;21(11):4046-4061. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.14754. Epub 2019 Aug 5.
Fungi from marine environments have been significantly less studied than terrestrial fungi. This study describes distribution patterns and associated habitat characteristics of the mycobiota of deep-sea sediments collected from the Mexican exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), ranging between 1000 and > 3500 m depth. Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) amplicons were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. From 29 stations sampled across three annual campaigns, a total of 4421 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained, indicating a high fungal richness. Most OTUs assignments corresponded to Ascomycota, unidentified fungi and Basidiomycota. The majority of the stations shared a mere 31 OTUs, including the worldwide reported genera Penicillium, Rhodotorula and Cladosporium. Both a transient and a conserved community were identified, suggesting their dependence on or adaptation to the habitat dynamics, respectively. The differences found in fungal richness and taxonomic compositions were correlated principally with latitude, carbon and carbonates content, and terrigenous content, which could be the potential drivers that delimit fungal distribution. This study represents an expansion of our current knowledge on the biogeography of the fungal community from deep-sea sediments, and identifies the geographic and physicochemical properties that delimit fungal composition and distribution in the GoM.
海洋环境中的真菌比陆地真菌受到的研究要少得多。本研究描述了从墨西哥专属经济区（EEZ）墨西哥湾（GoM）的深海沉积物中采集的微生物区系的分布模式和相关的生境特征，水深范围为 1000 至> 3500 m。通过 Illumina MiSeq 对内部转录间隔区 1（ITS1）扩增子进行测序。在三次年度考察中，从 29 个采样站共获得了 4421 个操作分类单元（OTUs），表明真菌的丰富度很高。大多数 OTUs 的分配对应于子囊菌门、未鉴定真菌和担子菌门。大多数站点共享仅 31 个 OTUs，包括在世界范围内报道的 Penicillium、Rhodotorula 和 Cladosporium 属。鉴定出了瞬态和保守的群落，分别表明它们对生境动态的依赖性或适应性。在真菌丰富度和分类组成上发现的差异主要与纬度、碳和碳酸盐含量以及陆源物质含量相关，这些可能是限制真菌分布的潜在驱动因素。本研究代表了我们对深海沉积物中真菌群落生物地理学的现有知识的扩展，并确定了在 GoM 中限定真菌组成和分布的地理和物理化学特性。
