Drexel University, Dornsife School of Public Health, Department of Community Health and Prevention, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. MC 0274, Reno, NV 89557, United States.
Int J Drug Policy. 2019 Nov;73:32-35. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.07.010. Epub 2019 Jul 20.
Overdose prevention programs are effective at reducing opioid overdose deaths through training people who inject drugs (PWID) how to respond to witnessed overdoses and use naloxone. This report examines prevalence and correlates of carrying naloxone among a community-based sample of PWID.
Using respondent driven sampling, PWID (n = 571) in Philadelphia, PA were recruited for the 2015 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance project. The impact of socio-demographics, social services, and law enforcement interaction on naloxone carrying were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.
Odds of carrying naloxone were higher among PWID who were: homeless (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 2.83), reported a syringe exchange program as their primary source of syringes (aOR = 2.92, CI: 1.68, 5.09), and had been stopped by police ≥6 times (aOR = 2.16, CI: 1.12, 4.16) or arrested (aOR = 1.84, CI: 1.02, 3.30) in the past year.
Syringe exchange access was associated with naloxone carrying and is likely a primary source for naloxone and overdose reversal training for PWID. Homelessness and law enforcement encounters are known barriers to harm reducing behaviors; however, both were positively associated with carrying naloxone in this sample. Larger studies are needed to explore these relationships in greater depth.
通过培训注射毒品者（PWID）如何应对目睹的过量用药并使用纳洛酮，过量预防计划可有效降低阿片类药物过量死亡。本报告检查了在基于社区的 PWID 样本中携带纳洛酮的流行率和相关性。
使用响应驱动抽样，在宾夕法尼亚州费城招募了 571 名参加 2015 年国家艾滋病毒行为监测项目的 PWID。使用多变量逻辑回归分析了社会人口统计学，社会服务和执法互动对携带纳洛酮的影响。
携带纳洛酮的 PWID 中，有以下特征的可能性更高：无家可归（调整后的优势比 [aOR] = 1.65，95%置信区间 [CI]：1.01，2.83），报告以注射器交换计划为主要注射器来源（aOR = 2.92，CI：1.68，5.09），过去一年中被警察拦截≥6 次（aOR = 2.16，CI：1.12，4.16）或被捕（aOR = 1.84，CI：1.02，3.30）。
注射器交换的机会与携带纳洛酮有关，并且可能是 PWID 纳洛酮和过量逆转培训的主要来源。无家可归和执法接触是减少伤害行为的已知障碍；然而，在该样本中，两者均与携带纳洛酮呈正相关。需要更大的研究来更深入地探讨这些关系。
