Novel Synthesis of Holey Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polystyrene (HRGO/PS) Nanocomposites by Microwave Irradiation as Anodes for High-Temperature Lithium-Ion Batteries.

To overcome the risk of exothermic lithium-ion battery overheating reactions, we fabricated a novel, high-temperature-stable anode material composed of holey reduced graphene oxide/polystyrene (HRGO/PS) nanocomposites synthesized through in situ bulk polymerization in the presence of HRGO via microwave irradiation. The HRGO/PS nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and electron microscopy analyses including field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. All characterization studies demonstrated homogenous dispersion of HRGO in the PS matrix, which enhanced the thermal and electrical properties of the overall nanocomposites. These novel HRGO/PS nanocomposites exhibited excellent electrochemical responses, with reversible charge/discharge capacities of 92.1/92.78 mA·h/g at a current density of 500 mA/g with ~100% capacity retention and ~100% coulombic efficiency at room temperature. Furthermore, an examination of the electrochemical properties of these nanocomposites at 110 °C showed that HRGO/PS nanocomposites still displayed good charge/discharge capacities with stable cycle performances for 150 cycles.