Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jul 12;20(14):3436. doi: 10.3390/ijms20143436.
Melanoma is a malignant tumor deriving from neoplastic transformation of melanocytes. The incidence of melanoma has increased dramatically over the last 50 years. It accounts for most cases of skin cancer deaths. Early diagnosis leads to remission in 90% of cases of melanoma; conversely, for melanoma at more advanced stages, prognosis becomes more unfavorable also because dvanced melanoma is often resistant to pharmacological and radiological therapies due to genetic plasticity, presence of cancer stem cells that regenerate the tumor, and efficient elimination of drugs. This review illustrates the role of autophagy in tumor progression and resistance to therapy, focusing on molecular targets for future drugs.
黑色素瘤是一种恶性肿瘤，源自黑色素细胞的肿瘤性转化。在过去的 50 年中，黑色素瘤的发病率急剧上升。它占皮肤癌死亡病例的大多数。早期诊断可使 90%的黑色素瘤病例得到缓解；相反，对于更晚期的黑色素瘤，预后变得更加不利，这也是因为由于遗传可塑性、存在再生肿瘤的癌症干细胞以及药物的有效清除，晚期黑色素瘤通常对药物治疗和放射治疗具有抗性。本综述说明了自噬在肿瘤进展和对治疗的抗性中的作用，重点介绍了未来药物的分子靶标。
