Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China.
Department of Anaesthesiology, Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Molecules. 2019 Jul 13;24(14):2556. doi: 10.3390/molecules24142556.
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial, heterogeneous metabolic disorder, causing various health complications and economic issues, which apparently impacts the human's life. Currently, commercial diabetic drugs are clinically managed for diabetic treatment that has definite side effects. Dietary polysaccharides mainly derive from natural sources, including medicinal plants, grains, fruits, vegetables, edible mushroom, and medicinal foods, and possess anti-diabetic potential. Hence, this review summarizes the effects of dietary polysaccharides on diabetes and underlying molecular mechanisms related to inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and diabetes in various animal models. The analysis of literature and appropriate data on anti-diabetic polysaccharide from electronic databases was conducted. In vivo and in vitro trials have revealed that treatment of these polysaccharides has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, which enhance pancreatic -cell mass and alleviates -cell dysfunction. It enhances insulin signaling pathways through insulin receptors and activates the PI3K/Akt pathway, and eventually modulates ERK/JNK/MAPK pathway. In conclusion, dietary polysaccharides can effectively ameliorate hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and, thus, consumption of polysaccharides can be a valuable choice for diabetic control.
糖尿病是一种多因素、异质性的代谢紊乱，可导致各种健康并发症和经济问题，明显影响人类的生活。目前，临床上使用商业糖尿病药物来治疗糖尿病，但这些药物有明确的副作用。膳食多糖主要来源于天然来源，包括药用植物、谷物、水果、蔬菜、食用蘑菇和药用食品，具有抗糖尿病的潜力。因此，本综述总结了膳食多糖对各种动物模型中糖尿病及其与炎症因子、氧化应激和糖尿病相关的分子机制的影响。对来自电子数据库的抗糖尿病多糖的文献和适当数据进行了分析。体内和体外试验表明，这些多糖的治疗具有降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化和抗炎作用，可增加胰岛细胞质量并减轻胰岛细胞功能障碍。它通过胰岛素受体增强胰岛素信号通路，并激活 PI3K/Akt 通路，最终调节 ERK/JNK/MAPK 通路。总之，膳食多糖可有效改善 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的高血糖、高血脂、低度炎症和氧化应激，因此，多糖的摄入可以成为控制糖尿病的一种有价值的选择。
