Sgroi Giovanni, Varcasia Antonio, Dessi Giorgia, D'Alessio Nicola, Tamponi Claudia, Saarma Urmas, Laurimäe Teivi, Kinkar Liina, Santoro Mario, Caputo Vincenzo, Sarnelli Paolo, Fusco Giovanna, Varuzza Paolo, Fioretti Alessandro, Scala Antonio, Veneziano Vincenzo
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2019 Jun 9;9:305-311. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.04.013. eCollection 2019 Aug.
Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) caused by sensu lato (s.l.) is one of the most important parasitic zoonotic diseases in the world and it represents an important public health and socio-economic concern. In the Mediterranean basin, CE is widespread and it is endemic in Italy, with major prevalence in southern areas. Several studies have investigated CE in domestic pigs, however, such data in wild boars are scant. In the last decades the wild boar population in Italy has increased and this ungulate could play an important role in the spreading of CE in the wild. Here we report on the prevalence and fertility rate of hydatid cysts in wild boars that were shot during two hunting seasons (2016-2017) in the Campania region of southern Italy. For each animal, a detailed inspection of the carcass and organs (lungs, liver and spleen) was performed and when cysts were found, their number, morphology and fertility were determined by visual and microscopic examination. Cysts were classified morphologically as fertile, sterile, caseous and calcified. Protoscoleces and germinal layers were collected from individual cysts and DNA was extracted to identify different strains/genotypes of s.l. Out of a total of 2108 wild boars 93 (4.4%) were found positive for CE. Infected animals were 45 males and 48 females, aged between 1 and 8 years. The average number of cysts per wild boar was 1.3 (min 1 - max 13). The total number of cysts collected was 123, of which 118 (95.9%) in the liver, 4 (3.3%) in the lungs and 1 (0.8%) in the spleen. Of all analyzed cysts, 70 (56.9%) were fertile and 53 (43.1%) sterile/acephalous. The presence of fertile cysts in 19.4% of CE-positive animals is noteworthy. Overall, molecular diagnosis showed 19 wild boars infected with the pig strain (G7).
由细粒棘球绦虫复合种（sensu lato，s.l.）引起的囊型包虫病（CE）是世界上最重要的寄生虫人畜共患病之一，它是一个重要的公共卫生和社会经济问题。在地中海盆地，CE广泛存在，在意大利呈地方性流行，在南部地区患病率较高。已有多项研究对家猪的CE进行了调查，然而，野猪方面的此类数据却很少。在过去几十年里，意大利的野猪数量有所增加，这种有蹄类动物可能在CE在野外的传播中发挥重要作用。在此，我们报告了在意大利南部坎帕尼亚地区两个狩猎季节（2016 - 2017年）射杀的野猪中包虫囊肿的患病率和繁殖率。对每只动物的尸体和器官（肺、肝和脾）进行了详细检查，发现囊肿时，通过肉眼和显微镜检查确定其数量、形态和繁殖能力。囊肿在形态上分为可育、不育、干酪样和钙化型。从单个囊肿中收集原头节和生发层，并提取DNA以鉴定细粒棘球绦虫复合种（s.l.）的不同菌株/基因型。在总共2108头野猪中发现93头（4.4%）CE呈阳性。感染动物有45头雄性和48头雌性，年龄在1至8岁之间。每头野猪囊肿的平均数量为1.3个（最小值1 - 最大值13）。收集到的囊肿总数为123个，其中118个（95.9%）在肝脏，4个（3.3%）在肺，1个（0.8%）在脾。在所有分析的囊肿中，70个（56.9%）是可育的，53个（43.1%）是不育/无头的。值得注意的是，19.4%的CE阳性动物体内存在可育囊肿。总体而言，分子诊断显示有19头野猪感染了猪种株（G7）。
