Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
Addiction. 2019 Oct;114(10):1816-1823. doi: 10.1111/add.14653. Epub 2019 Jul 24.
To estimate the impact of tobacco-21 laws on smoking among young adults who are likely to smoke, and consider potential social multiplier effects. Design Quasi-experimental, observational study using new 2016-17 survey data.
United States.
PARTICIPANTS/CASES: A total of 1869 18-22-year-olds who have tried a combustible or electronic cigarette.
Tobacco-21 laws raise the minimum legal sales age of cigarettes to 21 years. Logistic regressions compared the association between tobacco-21 laws and smoking among 18-20-year-olds with that for 21-22-year-olds. The older age group served as a comparison group that was not bound by these restrictions, but could have been affected by correlated factors. Age 16 peer and parental tobacco use were considered as potential moderators.
Self-reported recent smoking (past 30-day smoking) and current established smoking (recent smoking and life-time consumption of at least 100 cigarettes).
Exposure to tobacco-21 laws yielded a 39% reduction in the odds of both recent smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.42, 0.89] and current established smoking (OR = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.39, 0.97) among 18-20-year-olds who had ever tried cigarettes. This association exceeded the policy's relationship with smoking among 21-22-year-olds. For current established smoking, the tobacco-21 reduction was amplified among those whose closest friends at age 16 used cigarettes (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.29, 0.87), consistent with peer effects moderating the policy's impact on young adult smoking.
Tobacco-21 laws appear to reduce smoking among 18-20-year-olds who have ever tried cigarettes.
评估烟草 21 号法对可能吸烟的年轻成年人吸烟的影响，并考虑潜在的社会乘数效应。
使用新的 2016-17 年调查数据进行准实验、观察性研究。
美国。
参与者/病例：共有 1869 名 18-22 岁尝试过可燃或电子烟的人。
烟草 21 号法将香烟的最低法定销售年龄提高到 21 岁。逻辑回归比较了烟草 21 号法与 18-20 岁青少年吸烟之间的关联，以及与 21-22 岁青少年吸烟之间的关联。年龄较大的组作为对照组，不受这些限制，但可能受到相关因素的影响。16 岁时的同伴和父母的烟草使用被认为是潜在的调节剂。
自我报告的最近吸烟（过去 30 天吸烟）和当前已建立的吸烟（最近吸烟和一生中至少消费 100 支香烟）。
接触烟草 21 号法使尝试过香烟的 18-20 岁青少年最近吸烟的几率降低了 39%[比值比（OR）=0.61；95%置信区间（CI）=0.42，0.89]和当前已建立的吸烟（OR=0.61；95% CI=0.39，0.97）。这种关联超过了该政策与 21-22 岁青少年吸烟的关系。对于当前已建立的吸烟，在年龄 16 岁时最亲密的朋友使用香烟的人中，烟草 21 号法的减少幅度更大（OR=0.50；95% CI=0.29，0.87），这与同伴效应调节该政策对年轻成年人吸烟的影响一致。
烟草 21 号法似乎降低了尝试过香烟的 18-20 岁青少年的吸烟率。
