精英和次精英男性冰球运动员的体能特征：一项横断面研究。
Fitness Characteristics of Elite and Subelite Male Ice Hockey Players: A Cross-Sectional Study.
机构信息
Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Team Danmark, The Danish Elite Sports Institution, Broendby, Denmark.
出版信息
J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Sep;33(9):2352-2360. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003285.
Vigh-Larsen, JF, Beck, JH, Daasbjerg, A, Knudsen, CB, Kvorning, T, Overgaard, K, Andersen, TB, and Mohr, M. Fitness characteristics of elite and subelite male ice hockey players: A cross-sectional study. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2352-2360, 2019-The purpose was to evaluate fitness profiles in elite (age 23.5 ± 4.4 years) and subelite (age 19.4 ± 3.1 years) male ice hockey players. Twenty teams from the best (n = 164) and second-best (n = 132) Danish ice hockey division were assessed in-season using a field-test battery consisting of off-ice measurements of countermovement jump (CMJ) performance and body composition, as well as performance tests on the ice. These included the submaximal and maximal Yo-Yo intermittent recovery ice hockey tests, level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1-IHSUB and Yo-Yo IR1-IHMAX), the 5-10-5 pro-agility test, and a straight-line sprint test. Elite players were heavier (85.7 ± 8.1 vs. 80.8 ± 10.0 kg, p ≤ 0.05) and had a higher skeletal muscle mass (41.9 ± 3.9 vs. 38.8 ± 4.7 kg, p ≤ 0.05) than subelite players. Moreover, elite players elicited a superior CMJ (50.1 ± 6.1 vs. 44.9 ± 5.4 cm, p ≤ 0.05), agility (4.76 ± 0.17 vs. 4.96 ± 0.22 seconds, p ≤ 0.05), and sprint (4.49 ± 0.16 vs. 4.71 ± 0.19 seconds, p ≤ 0.05) performance. Finally, elite players outperformed subelite players in Yo-Yo IR1-IHSUB (79.7 ± 6.8 vs. 88.0 ± 5.4% HRmax, p ≤ 0.05) and Yo-Yo IR1-IHMAX tests (2,434 ± 414 vs. 1,850 ± 499 m, p ≤ 0.05). Top elite teams performed. 1.1 and 7% better than bottom elite teams on the agility and CMJ test (p ≤ 0.05), whereas differences approached significance for sprint (p = 0.08) and Yo-Yo IR1-IHMAX (p = 0.08) performance in favor of top-tier teams. No differences were observed between forwards and defensemen. In conclusion, elite-level ice hockey requires a high level of fitness in terms of muscle mass and explosive strength, as well as a well-developed high-intensity intermittent exercise capacity. In addition, these demands seem to apply for both forwards and defensemen.
维格-拉森、贝克、达斯伯格、克努森、克沃尔宁、奥弗加德、安德森和莫尔。精英和次精英男性冰球运动员的体能特征：一项横断面研究。《力量与调节研究杂志》33（9）：2352-2360，2019 年-目的是评估精英（年龄 23.5 ± 4.4 岁）和次精英（年龄 19.4 ± 3.1 岁）男性冰球运动员的体能状况。20 支来自丹麦最佳（n = 164）和第二佳（n = 132）冰球联盟的球队在赛季中使用了一项包括场外测量的测试电池进行了评估，包括反跳（CMJ）表现和身体成分，以及在冰上的表现测试。这些测试包括亚最大和最大 Yo-Yo 间歇性恢复冰球测试、第 1 级（Yo-Yo IR1-IHSUB 和 Yo-Yo IR1-IHMAX）、5-10-5 敏捷性测试和直线冲刺测试。精英运动员的体重（85.7 ± 8.1 比 80.8 ± 10.0 公斤，p ≤ 0.05）和骨骼肌质量（41.9 ± 3.9 比 38.8 ± 4.7 公斤，p ≤ 0.05）均高于次精英运动员。此外，精英运动员的 CMJ（50.1 ± 6.1 比 44.9 ± 5.4 厘米，p ≤ 0.05）、敏捷性（4.76 ± 0.17 比 4.96 ± 0.22 秒，p ≤ 0.05）和冲刺（4.49 ± 0.16 比 4.71 ± 0.19 秒，p ≤ 0.05）表现均优于次精英运动员。最后，精英运动员在 Yo-Yo IR1-IHSUB（79.7 ± 6.8 比 88.0 ± 5.4% HRmax，p ≤ 0.05）和 Yo-Yo IR1-IHMAX 测试（2,434 ± 414 比 1,850 ± 499 m，p ≤ 0.05）中表现优于次精英运动员。顶级精英队在敏捷性和 CMJ 测试中的表现比垫底的精英队高出 1.1%和 7%（p ≤ 0.05），而在冲刺（p = 0.08）和 Yo-Yo IR1-IHMAX（p = 0.08）方面，顶级球队的表现更接近显著水平。前锋和后卫之间没有差异。总之，冰球的精英水平需要在肌肉质量和爆发力方面具有较高的体能水平，以及发达的高强度间歇运动能力。此外，这些需求似乎适用于前锋和后卫。
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