Professor of Conflict and Humanitarian Studies, Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Qatar, and Honorary Professor of Politics, University of York, United Kingdom.
Senior Research Fellow, Center for Conflict and Humanitarian Studies, Doha.
Disasters. 2020 Jul;44(3):477-498. doi: 10.1111/disa.12394. Epub 2019 Dec 26.
This paper examines the siege of the Gaza Strip, a self-governing Palestinian territory, since 2007. Research on sieges tends to concentrate on the coping strategies of besieged communities, humanitarian issues associated with the impacts, humanitarian access, and the prioritisation of needs, with little or no attention paid to reconstruction. However, Gaza is unusual as a siege environment within which reconstruction has become a high priority in the aftermath of its three destructive wars with Israel. Following an overview of research on sieges in contemporary warfare and a brief contextualisation of Gaza, this paper examines why reconstruction outcomes have varied over time through the application of a theoretical framework that stipulates the importance of four key factors: time; needs; scarcity; and political context. Based on an analysis of these variables, Gaza was found to be a most-likely case for reconstruction under siege. Nonetheless, the large-scale reconstruction necessary to transform Gaza has not been actualised.
本文考察了自 2007 年以来对加沙地带的围困，加沙地带是一个自治的巴勒斯坦领土。关于围困的研究往往集中在被围困社区的应对策略、与影响相关的人道主义问题、人道主义准入以及需求的优先排序上，很少或根本没有关注重建。然而，加沙作为一个围困环境是不同寻常的，在与以色列的三次毁灭性战争之后，重建成为当务之急。本文首先概述了当代战争中围困的研究，并简要介绍了加沙的背景，然后通过应用一个理论框架来考察为什么重建结果会随着时间的推移而变化，该框架规定了四个关键因素的重要性：时间；需求；稀缺性；以及政治背景。基于对这些变量的分析，发现加沙是一个最有可能在围困下进行重建的案例。尽管如此，实现大规模重建以改变加沙的目标尚未实现。
