Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;9(1):33-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.07.006. Epub 2019 Jul 22.
Despite growing literature characterizing the fecal microbiome and its association with health and disease, few studies have analyzed the microbiome of the small intestine. Here, we examine what is known about the human small intestinal microbiota in terms of community structure and functional properties. We examine temporal dynamics of select bacterial populations in the small intestine, and the effects of dietary carbohydrates and fats on shaping these populations. We then evaluate dysbiosis in the small intestine in several human disease models, including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, short-bowel syndrome, pouchitis, environmental enteric dysfunction, and irritable bowel syndrome. What is clear is that the bacterial biology, and mechanisms of bacteria-induced pathophysiology, are enormously broad and elegant in the small intestine. Studying the small intestinal microbiota is challenged by rapidly fluctuating environmental conditions in these intestinal segments, as well as the complexity of sample collection and bioinformatic analysis. Because the functionality of the digestive tract is determined primarily by the small intestine, efforts must be made to better characterize this unique and important microbial ecosystem.
尽管越来越多的文献描述了粪便微生物组及其与健康和疾病的关联，但很少有研究分析过小肠的微生物组。在这里，我们从群落结构和功能特性方面研究了人类小肠微生物组的已知情况。我们研究了小肠中选定细菌种群的时间动态，以及膳食碳水化合物和脂肪对塑造这些种群的影响。然后，我们在几种人类疾病模型中评估了小肠的生态失调，包括小肠细菌过度生长、短肠综合征、袋炎、环境肠功能障碍和肠易激综合征。显而易见的是，细菌生物学以及细菌引起的病理生理学机制在小肠中是非常广泛和优雅的。研究小肠微生物组受到这些肠道段中快速波动的环境条件以及样本采集和生物信息学分析的复杂性的挑战。由于消化道的功能主要取决于小肠，因此必须努力更好地描述这个独特而重要的微生物生态系统。
