Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Córdoba, Argentina.
Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Córdoba, Argentina.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Nov 20;692:175-187. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.194. Epub 2019 Jul 15.
The endobenthic bivalves are widely used as a bioindicators since they inhabit the sediment-water interface and are able to accumulate a different kind of contaminants. In the present work, we evaluated wild Corbicula largillierti (Phillippi, 1844) as a bioindicator of water quality in the central region of Argentina. The responses at different levels of the biological organization were used. We measured organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) levels in water and clams tissues. The biomarkers selected were enzymatic activities (Glutathione S-Transferase, Catalase, Acetyl-, Butyryl-cholinesterase, and Carboxylesterase) morphometry of the digestive gland, condition index and morphology of valves. In order to integrate all the responses a multivariate analysis and integrated stress index were applied. Our results showed the presence of contaminants along the studied river and the ability of C. largillierti to bioaccumulate them. All the biomarkers selected varied according to the water quality gradient, although there was no specific correlation with OCPs and PCBs levels. At the most polluted sites, the detoxification and oxidative stress enzymes, the morphometric analysis of the digestive gland and the variation in the morphology of the valves indicated the water quality degradation. The multivariate analyses allowed to discriminate the sites according to the different biomarker responses. The IBR index also showed a variation pattern according to the environmental quality gradient along the basin. According to the responses shown by C. largillierti we suggest this species as an useful bioindicator of aquatic pollution.
底栖双壳贝类被广泛用作生物指示剂，因为它们栖息在沉积物-水界面，能够积累不同种类的污染物。在本工作中，我们评估了野生菲律宾蛤仔（Corbicula largillierti）作为阿根廷中部地区水质的生物指示剂。使用了不同层次的生物组织的反应。我们测量了水和蛤组织中的有机氯农药（OCPs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）水平。选择的生物标志物是酶活性（谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶、过氧化氢酶、乙酰-、丁酰-胆碱酯酶和羧酸酯酶）、消化腺的形态计量学、条件指数和瓣的形态。为了整合所有的反应，应用了多元分析和综合应激指数。我们的结果表明，在研究河流中存在污染物，并且 C. largillierti 能够生物积累它们。所有选择的生物标志物都根据水质梯度而变化，尽管与 OCPs 和 PCBs 水平没有特定的相关性。在污染最严重的地点，解毒和氧化应激酶、消化腺的形态计量学以及瓣的形态变化表明水质恶化。多元分析能够根据不同的生物标志物反应来区分地点。IBR 指数也根据流域内的环境质量梯度呈现出变化模式。根据 C. largillierti 所表现出的反应，我们建议将该物种作为水生污染的有用生物指示剂。
