Abdelaziz A A, el-Nakeeb M A
Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt.
J Basic Microbiol. 1987;27(8):403-10. doi: 10.1002/jobm.3620270802.
The sporicidal activity of 1% solutions of five local anaesthetics and five preservatives (cetrimide, chlorocresol, chlorhexidine, phenoxyethanol and phenylmercuric nitrate) at their pharmacopeial concentrations, alone and in binary combinations was determined against Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger spores at different temperature levels by the surface viable count technique. The sporicidal activity of all tested systems were temperature dependent. A. niger spores were much more sensitive to the tested systems than B. subtilis spores. The temperature at which 99% of all spores were killed after 30 min exposure time of the anaesthetics were calculated. In case of the local anaesthetics alone against spores of A. niger the recorded temperatures were 30 degrees C for amethocaine, 45 degrees C for both amylocaine and cincochaine, 48 degrees C and 50 degrees C for lignocaine and procaine, respectively, in contrast to 58 degrees C in a control with saline solution. Much higher temperatures were calculated against B. subtilis spores. Cincochaine was the most effective local anaesthetic with a recorded temperature of 60 degrees C, where 99% killing occurred. Amylocaine and amethocaine showed temperatures of 84 degrees C and 90 degrees C, respectively. Procaine, lignocaine as well saline solution as a control caused a 99% killing effect at temperatures higher than 100 degrees C. Among the 25 tested binary combinations of local anaesthetics and preservatives, the highest incidence of potentiation of the sporicidal activity was recorded with chlorocresol combinations, while other combinations of the four remaining preservatives showed different types of interactions at different percentages.
采用表面活菌计数技术，在不同温度水平下，测定了五种局部麻醉剂和五种防腐剂（溴化十六烷基三甲铵、氯甲酚、氯己定、苯氧乙醇和硝酸苯汞）在其药典浓度下单独及二元组合时对枯草芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉孢子的杀孢子活性。所有测试体系的杀孢子活性均与温度有关。黑曲霉孢子对测试体系的敏感性远高于枯草芽孢杆菌孢子。计算了麻醉剂暴露30分钟后杀死所有孢子99%时的温度。对于单独的局部麻醉剂对黑曲霉孢子的情况，记录的温度分别为：丁卡因30℃，戊卡因和辛可卡因均为45℃，利多卡因和普鲁卡因为48℃和50℃，而生理盐水对照为58℃。对枯草芽孢杆菌孢子计算出的温度要高得多。辛可卡因是最有效的局部麻醉剂，记录温度为60℃时可实现99%的杀灭率。戊卡因和丁卡因的温度分别为84℃和90℃。普鲁卡因、利多卡因以及作为对照的生理盐水在高于100℃的温度下可产生99%的杀灭效果。在25种测试的局部麻醉剂与防腐剂的二元组合中，氯甲酚组合的杀孢子活性增强发生率最高，而其余四种防腐剂的其他组合在不同比例下表现出不同类型的相互作用。
