为地方卫生部门培养核心能力，以参与积极交通的土地利用和交通决策。
Developing Core Capabilities for Local Health Departments to Engage in Land Use and Transportation Decision Making for Active Transportation.
作者信息
Lemon Stephenie C, Goins Karin Valentine, Sreedhara Meera, Arcaya Mariana, Aytur Semra A, Heinrich Katie, Kerner Bridget, Lyn Rodney, Maddock Jay E, Riessman Robin, Schmid Thomas L
机构信息
UMass Worcester Prevention Research Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts (Dr Lemon and Mss Goins and Sreedhara); Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Dr Arcaya); Department of Health Management and Policy, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire (Dr Aytur); Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas (Dr Heinrich); National Association of County and City Health Officials, Washington, District of Columbia (Ms Kerner); Division of Health Management and Policy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Lyn); School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (Dr Maddock); UMass Transportation Center, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts (Ms Riessman); and Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Schmid).
出版信息
J Public Health Manag Pract. 2019 Sep/Oct;25(5):464-471. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000948.
OBJECTIVE
To develop a core set of capabilities and tasks for local health departments (LHDs) to engage in land use and transportation policy processes that promote active transportation.
DESIGN
We conducted a 3-phase modified Delphi study from 2015 to 2017.
SETTING
We recruited a multidisciplinary national expert panel for key informant interviews by telephone and completion of a 2-step online validation process.
PARTICIPANTS
The panel consisted of 58 individuals with expertise in local transportation and policy processes, as well as experience in cross-sector collaboration with public health. Participants represented the disciplines of land use planning, transportation/public works, public health, municipal administration, and active transportation advocacy at the state and local levels.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Key informant interviews elicited initial capabilities and tasks. An online survey solicited rankings of impact and feasibility for capabilities and ratings of importance for associated tasks. Feasibility rankings were used to categorize capabilities according to required resources. Results were presented via second online survey for final input.
RESULTS
Ten capabilities were categorized according to required resources. Fewest resources were as follows: (1) collaborate with public officials; (2) serve on land use or transportation board; and (3) review plans, policies, and projects. Moderate resources were as follows: (4) outreach to the community; (5) educate policy makers; (6) participate in plan and policy development; and (7) participate in project development and design review. Most resources were as follows: (8) participate in data and assessment activities; (9) fund dedicated staffing; and (10) provide funding support.
CONCLUSIONS
These actionable capabilities can guide planning efforts for LHDs of all resource levels.
目的
为地方卫生部门（LHD）制定一套核心能力和任务，使其能够参与促进积极出行的土地利用和交通政策进程。
设计
我们在2015年至2017年进行了一项分三个阶段的改良德尔菲研究。
背景
我们通过电话招募了一个多学科的全国专家小组进行关键信息人访谈，并完成一个两步的在线验证过程。
参与者
该小组由58名个人组成，他们在地方交通和政策进程方面具有专业知识，并且在与公共卫生的跨部门合作方面具有经验。参与者代表了州和地方层面的土地利用规划、交通/公共工程、公共卫生、市政管理以及积极出行倡导等学科。
主要结局指标
关键信息人访谈得出了初步的能力和任务。一项在线调查征求了对能力的影响和可行性排名以及对相关任务的重要性评级。可行性排名用于根据所需资源对能力进行分类。结果通过第二次在线调查呈现以获取最终意见。
结果
根据所需资源对十种能力进行了分类。所需资源最少的能力如下：（1）与政府官员合作；（2）在土地利用或交通委员会任职；（3）审查规划、政策和项目。所需资源适中的能力如下：（4）向社区开展外展活动；（5）教育政策制定者；（6）参与规划和政策制定；（7）参与项目开发和设计审查。所需资源最多的能力如下：（8）参与数据和评估活动；（9）为专职人员提供资金；（10）提供资金支持。
结论
这些可操作的能力可为所有资源水平的地方卫生部门的规划工作提供指导。
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