Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jul 25;20(15):3642. doi: 10.3390/ijms20153642.
Minimizing exposure of the fetus to medication and reducing adverse off-target effects in the mother are the primary challenges in developing novel drugs to treat pregnancy complications. Nanomedicine has introduced opportunities for the development of novel platforms enabling targeted delivery of drugs in pregnancy. This review sets out to discuss the advances and potential of surface-functionalized nanoparticles in the targeted therapy of pregnancy complications. We first describe the human placental anatomy, which is fundamental for developing placenta-targeted therapy, and then we review current knowledge of nanoparticle transplacental transport mechanisms. Meanwhile, recent surface-functionalized nanoparticles for targeting the uterus and placenta are examined. Indeed, surface-functionalized nanoparticles could help prevent transplacental passage and promote placental-specific drug delivery, thereby enhancing efficacy and improving safety. We have achieved promising results in targeting the placenta via placental chondroitin sulfate A (plCSA), which is exclusively expressed in the placenta, using plCSA binding peptide (plCSA-BP)-decorated nanoparticles. Others have also focused on using placenta- and uterus-enriched molecules as targets to deliver therapeutics via surface-functionalized nanoparticles. Additionally, we propose that placenta-specific exosomes and surface-modified exosomes might be potential tools in the targeted therapy of pregnancy complications. Altogether, surface-functionalized nanoparticles have great potential value as clinical tools in the targeted therapy of pregnancy complications.
将药物对胎儿的暴露最小化并减少母亲的非靶向不良反应是开发治疗妊娠并发症的新型药物的主要挑战。纳米医学为开发新的平台提供了机会，使药物在妊娠期间能够靶向传递。本综述旨在讨论表面功能化纳米粒子在妊娠并发症靶向治疗中的进展和潜力。我们首先描述了人胎盘的解剖结构，这对于开发胎盘靶向治疗至关重要，然后我们回顾了纳米粒子跨胎盘转运机制的现有知识。同时，还研究了最近用于靶向子宫和胎盘的表面功能化纳米粒子。事实上，表面功能化纳米粒子可以帮助防止跨胎盘传递，并促进胎盘特异性药物递送，从而提高疗效并提高安全性。我们已经通过使用仅在胎盘上表达的胎盘硫酸软骨素 A（plCSA）结合肽（plCSA-BP）修饰的纳米粒子靶向胎盘取得了有希望的结果。其他人还专注于使用胎盘和子宫丰富的分子作为靶点，通过表面功能化纳米粒子传递治疗剂。此外，我们还提出胎盘特异性外泌体和表面修饰的外泌体可能是妊娠并发症靶向治疗的潜在工具。总之，表面功能化纳米粒子作为妊娠并发症靶向治疗的临床工具具有巨大的潜在价值。
